The world of labor and the discourse about it has changed again and again in modern East Central Europe. Since the given framework of the introduction to the thematic issue does not allow me to provide a complete overview of the literature of contemporary East Central European labor history (see, for example, van der Linden 2008; Zimmerman 2017), here I am going to focus on answering the following questions: Why is East Central European labor history peculiar or special? How and why has the situation of labor history been changing during the last decades? What is the relation between global labor history and ece labor history? What kind of gaps are there in the research and what are the most important research trends? A. From a global historical point of view, the modern, late nineteenthand twentieth-century development of societies in East Central Europe (Puttkamer 2010; Livezeanu and Klimó 2017) differs in several ways from both the Western and the Eastern regions of the continent (Tomka 2013). This diversity especially can be seen in the social and economic position or role of labor and the working class. The differences can be seen in the delay of the industrial development and the partial or incomplete foundation of capitalism and a civil, bourgeois society. Yet, developments in the sense of their content and trends were basically similar to Western Europe, which was considered as the center of civilization and modernization, and thus the normative model. Another important specificity of the East Central European region is that societies had been relatively open here until the mid-twentieth century. However they became more closed after 1945, when they became part of the Soviet sphere of interest. With this decisive change these countries exited the international systems of migration and the free movement of labor. Later, as the

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现代东中欧的劳工和工人世界：专题介绍

在现代东中欧，劳动世界和有关它的话语一次又一次地发生了变化。由于主题问题介绍的给定框架不允许我提供当代东中欧劳动史文献的完整概述（例如，参见 van der Linden 2008；Zimmerman 2017），我将在这里重点回答以下问题： 为什么东中欧劳动史特殊或特殊？在过去的几十年里，劳工史的状况如何以及为何发生了变化？全球劳工史和欧洲经委会劳工史之间有什么关系？研究中存在哪些差距，最重要的研究趋势是什么？A. 从​​全球历史的角度来看，现代，19 世纪末 20 世纪末中欧的社会发展（Puttkamer 2010；Livezeanu 和 Klimó 2017）与欧洲大陆的西部和东部地区在几个方面有所不同（Tomka 2013）。这种多样性尤其体现在劳工和工人阶级的社会和经济地位或角色中。差异可以从工业发展的延迟以及资本主义和文明的资产阶级社会的部分或不完整基础上看出。然而，其内容和趋势的发展基本上与西欧相似，西欧被认为是文明和现代化的中心，因此是规范模式。东中欧地区的另一个重要特点是，直到 20 世纪中叶，这里的社会一直相对开放。然而，在 1945 年之后，当它们成为苏联利益范围的一部分时，它们变得更加封闭。随着这一决定性的变化，这些国家退出了国际移民和劳动力自由流动体系。后来，作为