One of the goals of the study was to check the differences in perception of adult status and fulfilment of achieved subjective criteria of adulthood regarding the transitional markers (professional status and living with parents) and gender. Another goal was to test the contribution of transitional markers, achieved subjective criteria of adulthood and perceived adult status on anxiety, depression and life satisfaction, with control of demographics. A sample of 572 university students, the employed, and the unemployed emerging adults, has been assessed. The measures included Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale, The Satisfaction with Life Scale, Achieved Criteria for Adulthood and Adult Status. The results show that the employed perceived the highest number of achieved adulthood criteria. After controlling for transitional markers, fewer achieved criteria of adulthood predict more symptoms of anxiety and depression. Emerging adults who perceive more achieved criteria of adulthood and who feel as adults have higher life satisfaction. The unemployed young adults, especially men, are at higher risk of having poor psychological adjustment as they struggle with the full realization of an adult role.

中文翻译：

---

成年人的成年感和心理适应

该研究的目的之一是检查成人对状态的看法以及在过渡标志（专业状态和与父母同住）和性别方面是否达到了成年的主观标准。另一个目标是在控制人口统计学的基础上，测试过渡标志物的作用，达到成人的主观标准以及在焦虑，抑郁和生活满意度方面的成人状态。评估了572名大学生，已就业和失业的新兴成年人的样本。这些措施包括抑郁和焦虑压力量表，对生活的满意度量表，成年后的成年标准和成年状态。结果表明，工作人员认为达到成年标准的人数最多。控制过渡标记后，成年后达到的标准越少，则焦虑和抑郁症状就越多。认为成年人达到成年标准的新兴成年人，并感到成年人具有更高的生活满意度。失业的年轻人，特别是男人，由于无法充分发挥成人的作用而面临心理适应不良的较高风险。