A novel decision bias, called the evaluation bias (EB), was reported by White et al. (2014). In a sequence of two stimuli of opposite affective valence, evaluating the first stimulus leads to a more contrasting evaluation for the second one, compared to when the first stimulus is just observed. The EB is consistent with a long tradition of constructive influences or decision biases in questionnaire judgments. The prediction of the EB was based on the application of a quantum probability model, taking advantage of the unique role of evaluations in quantum probability. In the present work, we develop the quantum model so as to examine whether similar predictions are possible in the context of real questionnaires, where precise control over the relative valence of stimulus pairs is impossible. It is shown that an EB prediction can be extracted and we test this prediction in an organizational opinion survey, administered to a range of organizations across four experiments (total N = 868 and 84 organizations) and with two different languages. In all experiments, there was clear evidence for an EB. We examine the result with the quantum model and Hogarth and Einhorn’s (1992) belief-adjustment model. Both models can broadly capture the empirical findings and so offer promise for providing a formal understanding of constructive influences.

中文翻译：

---

询问的成本：评估如何影响后续判断。

White 等人报告了一种新的决策偏差，称为评估偏差 (EB)。(2014)。在具有相反情感效价的两个刺激的序列中，与刚刚观察到第一个刺激时相比，评估第一个刺激会导致对第二个刺激的评估更具对比性。EB 与问卷判断中建设性影响或决策偏差的悠久传统相一致。EB 的预测基于量子概率模型的应用，利用评估在量子概率中的独特作用。在目前的工作中，我们开发了量子模型，以检查在真实问卷的背景下是否可能进行类似的预测，在这种情况下，不可能精确控制刺激对的相对价。结果表明，可以提取 EB 预测，我们在组织意见调查中测试该预测，该调查对一系列组织进行了四个实验（总共 N = 868 和 84 个组织）并使用两种不同的语言。在所有实验中，都有明确的 EB 证据。我们用量子模型和 Hogarth 和 Einhorn (1992) 的信念调整模型来检验结果。这两种模型都可以广泛地捕捉实证结果，因此有望提供对建设性影响的正式理解。我们使用量子模型和 Hogarth 和 Einhorn (1992) 的信念调整模型来检验结果。这两种模型都可以广泛地捕捉实证结果，因此有望提供对建设性影响的正式理解。我们用量子模型和 Hogarth 和 Einhorn (1992) 的信念调整模型来检验结果。这两种模型都可以广泛地捕捉实证结果，因此有望提供对建设性影响的正式理解。