A consideration of both the palaeographic and material features of a scroll provides scholars the opportunity to investigate the scribal culture in which a particular manuscript emerged. This article examines the papyrus opisthograph from Qumran containing 4QpapHodayot-like Text B, 4Q433a, and 4QpapSerekh ha-Yahad(a), 4Q255, on either side. There has been scholarly disagreement about this opisthograph with regard to a number of questions: (1) which of the two compositions was inscribed on the recto, (2) how the two compositions should be dated, and (3) which of the two texts was written first. This article looks at both compositions by means of palaeography and codicology. From this combined approach I deduce that 4Q433a was written first, on the recto of this papyrus manuscript. 4Q255 was added later, on the verso. Both compositions can be dated to the early first century BCE. This reconstruction makes it plausible that 4Q255 was a personal copy.

中文翻译：

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对 Opisthograph 4Q433a/4Q255 的古文字学和法典学（重新）评估

对卷轴的古文字和材料特征的综合考虑为学者提供了研究特定手稿出现的抄写文化的机会。本文检查了来自 Qumran 的纸莎草纸正反写法，其两侧包含类似 4QpapHodayot 的文本 B、4Q433a 和 4QpapSerekh ha-Yahad(a)、4Q255。学术界对这幅碑文在以下几个问题上存在分歧：(1) 两部作品中的哪一部刻在正面，(2) 两部作品应该如何注明日期，以及 (3) 两部作品中的哪一部是先写的。本文通过古文字学和编纂学来研究这两种作品。从这种组合方法中，我推断出 4Q433a 是最先写的，位于这份纸莎草手稿的正反面。4Q255 是后来在背面添加的。这两幅作品都可以追溯到公元前一世纪初期。这种重建使得 4Q255 是个人复制品的说法似乎是合理的。