Abstract This paper presents a study of modality in Iranian Sign Language (ZEI) from a cognitive perspective, aimed at analyzing two linguistic channels: facial and manual. While facial markers and their grammatical functions have been studied in some sign languages, we have few detailed analyses of the facial channel in comparison with the manual channel in conveying modal concepts. This study focuses on the interaction between manual and facial markers. A description of manual modal signs is offered. Three facial markers and their modality values are also examined: squinted eyes, brow furrow, and downward movement of lip corners (horseshoe mouth). In addition to offering this first descriptive analysis of modality in ZEI, this paper also applies the Cognitive Grammar model of modality, the Control Cycle, and the Reality Model, classifying modals into two kinds, effective and epistemic. It is suggested that effective control, including effective modality, tends to be expressed on the hands, while facial markers play an important role in marking epistemic assessment, one manifestation of which is epistemic modality. ZEI, like some other sign languages, exhibits an asymmetry between the number of manual signs and facial markers expressing epistemic modality: while the face can be active in the expression of effective modality, it is commonly the only means of expressing epistemic modality. By positing an epistemic core in effective modality, Cognitive Grammar provides a theoretical basis for these findings.

中文翻译：

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手和脸：ZEI，伊朗手语中的情态表达

摘要本文从认知角度对伊朗手语（ZEI）的情态进行了研究，旨在分析面部和手语两种语言渠道。虽然已经以某些手语研究了面部标记及其语法功能，但在传达模态概念时，与手动通道相比，我们对面部通道的详细分析很少。这项研究的重点是手动和面部标记之间的相互作用。提供了手动模式标志的说明。还检查了三个面部标记及其模态值：斜眼，额头眉毛和唇角（马蹄形嘴）的向下运动。除了提供对ZEI中情态的第一个描述性分析之外，本文还应用了情态的认知语法模型，控制周期和现实模型，将情态分为有效和认知两种。有人认为，有效的控制，包括有效的方式，往往会在手上表达出来，而面部标记在认知评估中起着重要的作用，其中之一就是认知方式。ZEI与其他手语一样，在手语符号和表达认知情态的面部标记之间表现出不对称性：尽管面部可以活跃地表达有效情态，但它通常是表达认知情态的唯一手段。通过将认知核心置于有效的情态中，认知语法为这些发现提供了理论基础。面部标记在认知评估中起着重要作用，其中之一就是认知模态。ZEI与其他手语一样，在手语符号和表达认知情态的面部标记之间表现出不对称性：尽管面部可以活跃地表达有效情态，但它通常是表达认知情态的唯一手段。通过将认知核心置于有效的情态中，认知语法为这些发现提供了理论基础。面部标记在认知评估中起着重要作用，其中之一就是认知模态。ZEI与其他手语一样，在手语符号和表达认知情态的面部标记之间表现出不对称性：尽管面部可以活跃地表达有效情态，但它通常是表达认知情态的唯一手段。通过将认知核心置于有效的情态中，认知语法为这些发现提供了理论基础。它通常是表达认知情态的唯一方法。通过将认知核心置于有效的情态中，认知语法为这些发现提供了理论基础。它通常是表达认知情态的唯一方法。通过将认知核心置于有效的情态中，认知语法为这些发现提供了理论基础。