Abstract Grounding refers to expressions that establish a connection between the ground and the content evoked by a nominal or finite clause. In this paper we report on two grammatical implementations of nominal grounding in Argentine Sign Language: pointing and placing. For pointing constructions, we also examine distal-proximal pointing and directive force. We introduce the concept of placing, in which a sign is produced at a specific meaningful location in space. Two types of placing are discussed: Placing-for-Creating, in which a new meaningful location is created, and Placing-by-Recruiting, which recruits an existing meaningful location. We suggest that our analysis of pointing and placing provides an account of nominal grounding unified by general cognitive principles as described within the theory of Cognitive Grammar. Pointing is known to occur in all signed languages studied to date. Although previously undocumented, we suggest that placing is also common to many, perhaps all, signed languages.

中文翻译：

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指向和放置：阿根廷手语的名义接地

摘要接地是指在地面与标称或有限子句引起的内容之间建立联系的表达式。在本文中，我们报告了阿根廷手语名义接地的两种语法实现方式：指向和放置。对于指向结构，我们还检查了近端指向和方向力。我们引入了放置的概念，即在空间中特定有意义的位置生成标志。讨论了两种类型的放置：用于创造的放置（在其中创建新的有意义的位置）和按招聘放置（在新的位置放置）以募集现有的有意义的位置。我们建议，我们对指向和放置的分析提供了由认知语法理论中所述的一般认知原理统一的名义基础的说明。迄今为止，指向都以所有已研究的手语出现。尽管以前没有记录，但我们建议放置对于许多（也许是全部）手语也很常见。