Abstract Previous studies claim there are few olfactory metaphors cross-linguistically, especially compared to metaphors originating in the visual and auditory domains. We show olfaction can be a source for metaphor and metonymy in a lesser-described language that has rich lexical resources for talking about odors. In Seri, an isolate language of Mexico spoken by indigenous hunter-gatherers, we find a novel metaphor for emotion never previously described – “anger stinks”. In addition, distinct odor verbs are used metaphorically to distinguish volitional vs. non-volitional states-of-affairs. Finally, there is ample olfactory metonymy in Seri, especially prevalent in names for plants, but also found in names for insects and artifacts. This calls for a re-examination of better-known languages for the overlooked role olfaction may play in metaphor and metonymy. The Seri language illustrates how valuable data from understudied languages can be in highlighting novel ways by which people conceptualize themselves and their world.

中文翻译：

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愤怒在Seri中发臭：嗅觉隐喻的描述较少

摘要先前的研究声称嗅觉隐喻在语言上很少，尤其是与起源于视觉和听觉领域的隐喻相比。我们显示嗅觉可能是一种隐喻较少的语言中隐喻和转喻的来源，该语言具有丰富的谈论气味的词汇资源。在塞里语中，土著猎人和采集者说的是墨西哥的一种孤立语言，我们发现了一个以前从未描述过的新颖的情感比喻-“生气臭”。另外，隐喻使用不同的气味动词来区分自愿和非自愿事务状态。最后，在Seri中有足够的嗅觉代名词，特别是在植物名称中很普遍，但在昆虫和人工制品的名称中也可以找到。这就要求重新审查较知名的语言，因为嗅觉在隐喻和转喻中可能被忽略。Seri语言说明了来自未被充分研究的语言的有价值的数据如何突出人们用来概念化自己和世界的新颖方式。