Abstract This article reports a study on the impact of L2 Korean on L1 Chinese lexical diversity and grammar in written expressions by Chinese bilinguals proficient in Korean. The statistical analysis showed that the cross-linguistic effects of L2 on L1 were significant although such impact was bidirectional. There were significantly more grammar errors and longer retrieval time committed by the bilingual group which implied negative L2 transfer to L1. Meanwhile, L2 also showed a positive influence on lexical diversity as there was no decline in lexical richness but an increase in lexical variations, and this indicated that L2-induced patterns did not replace or deteriorate L1 but instead added additional options to L1 expressions. This phenomenon can be characterized as the addition of new concepts and linguistic options to the already-existing L1 and conceptual repertoire. Specifically, meta-linguistic competence was enhanced. This research supports the theory of interference on L1 by the use of L2 (negative transfer), but it could also be enhanced by L2 (positive transfer).

中文翻译：

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L2对书面表达中的L1词汇能力和语法特性的影响

摘要本文报道了精通韩语的汉语双语者对L2韩语对L1汉语词汇多样性和语法的影响的研究。统计分析表明，L2对L1的跨语言影响是显着的，尽管这种影响是双向的。双语组犯下的语法错误明显更多，检索时间更长，这意味着L2负向L1转移。同时，L2也显示出对词汇多样性的积极影响，因为词汇丰富度没有下降，但词汇变化却有所增加，这表明L2诱导的模式并未取代或恶化L1，而是为L1表达增加了其他选择。这种现象的特征可以是在已经存在的L1和概念库中添加新的概念和语言选项。具体来说，增强了元语言能力。这项研究支持通过使用L2（负传输）对L1进行干扰的理论，但也可以通过使用L2（正传输）来增强干扰理论。