Wittenberg reformer Andreas Karlstadt is notorious as one of the Reformation’s most hard-line iconoclasts, yet in collaboration with artist Lucas Cranach he created the first piece of evangelical visual propaganda. Karlstadt was the mastermind behind the “Wagen” broadsheet of 1519, which did not depict or refer to Martin Luther. Cranach’s woodcut of wagons, horses and men travelling to Heaven and to Hell was executed with vigour and skill. But the obscure iconography devised by Karlstadt failed to communicate key ideas, and his theologically complex, awkwardly worded texts chaotically swamped the imagery. The broadsheets set off heated debate in print. Above all, inflamed Karlstadt’s conflict with Johannes Eck, who would become the enemy of both Karlstadt and Luther; a conflict also played out in the famous Leipzig debate of 1519. This essay reveals for the first time the scope and depth of the broadsheet’s aims, failures, and significance for Reformation visual culture.

中文翻译：

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Karlstadt's Wagen : 宗教改革的第一个视觉宣传

维滕贝格改革者安德烈亚斯·卡尔施塔特 (Andreas Karlstadt) 作为宗教改革中最强硬的反传统者之一而臭名昭著，但他与艺术家卢卡斯·克拉纳赫 (Lucas Cranach) 合作创作了第一部福音派视觉宣传片。Karlstadt 是 1519 年“Wagen”大报背后的策划者，该大报并未描绘或提及马丁路德。克拉纳赫 (Cranach) 的木刻版的马车、马匹和前往天堂和地狱的人是充满活力和技巧的。但卡尔施塔特设计的晦涩的图像未能传达关键思想，他的神学复杂、措辞笨拙的文本混乱地淹没了图像。大报在印刷品上引发了激烈的争论。最重要的是，激起了卡尔施塔特与约翰内斯·埃克的冲突，后者将成为卡尔施塔特和路德的敌人；一场冲突也在 1519 年著名的莱比锡辩论中上演。