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Kutanda botso Ritual As a Means of Preventing Non-Intimate Femicide Targeting Biological Mothers in Shona Communities of Zimbabwe
Violence and Gender Pub Date : 2020-12-08 , DOI: 10.1089/vio.2020.0030
Norman Chivasa 1
Affiliation  

Although femicide perpetrated by adult sons and daughters against their biological mothers is not a new phenomenon in the Shona communities of Zimbabwe, the problem has escalated significantly in recent years. In response, this study focuses on kutanda botso (ritual cleansing to appease the aggrieved spirit of the deceased biological mother) a ritual process taken up by adult sons or daughters who disrupt the social norm: that children should not verbally abuse, assault, or kill as they will suffer the consequences of an avenging spirit. The study adopted a qualitative methodology based on its propensity to make sense of respondents' experiences and understand the functions of the social institution under review within its cultural setting. An analysis shows that kutanda botso has a dual role: First, the fear of negative consequences deters the possible perpetrators from such acts of violence. Second, it symbolizes the social values of motherhood by extolling and venerating it as an important and admirable position that should be treated with reverence and respect. Mothers deserve to live in nonviolent spaces and social relationships. This study concludes that non-intimate femicide, which targets biological mothers is complex and overwhelming. It requires a solution that involves more than law enforcement agencies and one that appeals to not only human cognition but also tradition.

中文翻译:

Kutanda botso仪式作为在津巴布韦的绍纳社区中预防针对生物母亲的非亲密杀害妇女的手段

尽管在津巴布韦的绍纳族社区,成年子女对亲生母亲实施杀害妇女行为并不是新现象,但近年来这一问题已大大升级。作为回应,本研究着重于kutanda botso(为安抚已故亲生母亲的受虐精神而进行的仪式清洗)是成年儿子或女儿所采取的一种破坏社会规范的仪式过程:儿童不应进行口头虐待,殴打或杀害儿童。因为他们将遭受报仇精神的后果。该研究采用了定性方法,基于它的倾向来理解受访者的经历并了解所审查的社会机构在其文化背景下的功能。分析表明kutanda botso具有双重作用:首先,对负面后果的恐惧阻止了可能的肇事者遭受这种暴力行为。其次,它通过颂扬和崇高母性作为重要和令人钦佩的地位,应受到崇敬和尊重,从而象征着母性的社会价值。母亲应该生活在非暴力的空间和社会关系中。这项研究得出的结论是,针对亲生母亲的非亲密杀虫剂是复杂且压倒性的。它需要一种解决方案,它涉及的范围不仅限于执法机构,而且还需要一种不仅能吸引人类认知而且能吸引传统的解决方案。母亲应该生活在非暴力的空间和社会关系中。这项研究得出的结论是,针对亲生母亲的非亲密杀虫剂是复杂且压倒性的。它需要一种解决方案,它涉及的范围不仅限于执法机构,而且还需要一种不仅能吸引人类认知而且能吸引传统的解决方案。母亲应该生活在非暴力的空间和社会关系中。这项研究得出的结论是,针对亲生母亲的非亲密杀虫剂是复杂且压倒性的。它需要一种解决方案,它涉及的范围不仅限于执法机构,而且还需要一种不仅能吸引人类认知而且能吸引传统的解决方案。
更新日期:2020-12-08
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