Every year in the UK, a significant number of children sustain a moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Children who sustain a moderate or severe TBI have been shown to experience continuing neurological decline in two or more domains up to five years post‐injury. Environmental enrichment (EE)—which involves supplementing an environment with appropriately reinforced and rewarded, frequently changing, novel experiences—has been shown to effectively improve social and cognitive functioning in animals with experimental TBI. A growing body of evidence shows EE is also beneficial in the recovery of humans following a TBI. Children who have sustained a moderate or severe TBI often return to school and the educational setting is well‐suited for the implementation of EE interventions during the later stages of TBI recovery. This paper reviews a variety of factors pertinent to moderate and severe TBI, neurorehabilitation and EE. It also offers EE considerations for educational professionals who are involved in the development and implementation of school‐based interventions for children who have sustained a significant brain injury.

中文翻译：

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实施环境丰富策略以帮助遭受中度或重度创伤性脑损伤的儿童

在英国，每年都有大量儿童遭受中度或重度脑外伤 (TBI)。已证明患有中度或重度 TBI 的儿童在受伤后长达五年的两个或多个领域的神经功能持续下降。环境丰富 (EE)——包括用适当强化和奖励、频繁变化的新体验来补充环境——已被证明可以有效改善实验性 TBI 动物的社会和认知功能。越来越多的证据表明 EE 也有利于人类 TBI 后的恢复。患有中度或重度 TBI 的儿童经常返回学校，教育环境非常适合在 TBI 康复的后期阶段实施 EE 干预。本文回顾了与中度和重度 TBI、神经康复和 EE 相关的各种因素。它还为参与为遭受严重脑损伤的儿童制定和实施基于学校的干预措施的教育专业人员提供了 EE 考虑因素。