This article examines how Korean geomancy evolved over a thousand years, from the early tenth century through the first half of the twentieth. Theories and practices that emerged over the years effectively reveal Korean geomancy’s uniqueness. Such uniqueness prompts us to examine Korean geomancy during three periods, as geomantic theories and practices in any one of these three periods certainly differed from the other two. The first period began in the tenth century when Koryŏ geomancy was actually formed. The state of Koryŏ monopolized control of geomantic knowledge by tying it into the political and religious authority of Wang Kŏn, the founder of the Koryŏ Dynasty. And in terms of content, Koryŏ geomancy also merged with Buddhism and cults of the mountains and rivers. The second period began in the fifteenth century, when Korean geomancy went through certain theoretical transformations, while its social implications also changed under the newly established Chosŏn Dynasty. As the authority of Wang Kŏn was lost and the political authority of Cheng-Zhu NeoConfucian ideology grew dominant, Buddhism and geomancy lost their prior footholds in the political arena. Existing geomantic texts were replaced with new ones, which fit well the Neo-Confucian view of nature. The third began in the seventeenth century when Chosŏn society was still suffering the aftermath of both the Imjin War (the Japanese invasion from 1592–1598) and Pyŏngja War (the second Manchu invasion of 1636). During this period, various kinds of geomantic prophecies continued to circulate, and the geomantic practice of searching out places suitable for hermitages or residences was established as a mainstream trend. Meanwhile, as clan organizations formed and a patrilineal kinship system was being firmly established, theories regarding ŭmt’aek p’ungsu gained popularity because they promised the location of auspicious sites for ancestral graves. Characteristics of Korean geomancy may be summarized as follows:

中文翻译：

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十世纪至二十世纪的韩国风水：变化与延续

本文考察了从 10 世纪初期到 20 世纪上半叶，韩国风水是如何在一千年间演变的。多年来出现的理论和实践有效地揭示了韩国风水的独特性。这种独特性促使我们考察三个时期的韩国风水，因为这三个时期中任何一个时期的风水理论和实践肯定与其他两个时期不同。第一个时期开始于 10 世纪，当时 Koryŏ 风水真正形成。Koryŏ 国家通过将其与Koryŏ 王朝创始人Wang Kŏn 的政治和宗教权威联系起来，垄断了对风水知识的控制。而在内容上，Koryŏ风水也融合了佛教和山河邪教。第二个时期开始于十五世纪，当韩国风水经历了一定的理论变革时，其社会影响也在新成立的朝鲜王朝下发生了变化。随着王琨的权威丧失，成竹新儒家思想的政治权威占据主导地位，佛教和风水失去了先前在政治舞台上的立足点。现有的风水文本被新的取代，非常符合新儒家的自然观。第三次开始于 17 世纪，当时朝鲜社会仍在遭受临津战争（1592-1598 年日本入侵）和 Pyŏngja 战争（1636 年第二次满族入侵）的后果。在此期间，各种风水预言不断流传，寻找适合隐居或居住的地方的风水实践成为主流趋势。同时，随着氏族组织的形成和父系亲属制度的牢固建立，有关ŭmt'aek p'ungsu的理论开始流行，因为它们承诺了祖坟的吉祥地点。韩国风水的特点可以概括如下：