Social inclusion policy in higher education—also referenced as affirmative action, reservations, schedules, or antidiscrimination—has been used widely to promote equity and access for minority and historically discriminated subgroups who wish to participate in tertiary education. Inclusion is often protected de jure through a country’s constitution. Even so, the effects of the legislation vary according to the context within which it was instituted. This article offers a comparative review of the historical and legal evolution of social inclusion in higher education in Brazil, India, South Africa, and the United States and the educational outcomes created by systems of social inclusion around the world. The development and impacts of these policies are discussed within the frameworks of social inclusion and critical legal studies to suggest that social inclusion policy links higher education to its place.

中文翻译：

---

平等权利行动政策：包容，排斥和全球公共利益

高等教育中的社会包容政策（也称为平权行动，保留，时间表或反歧视政策）已广泛用于促进希望参加高等教育的少数民族和历史上受歧视的子群体的平等和获得机会。包容性通常通过国家宪法在法律上受到保护。即使这样，法律的效力依其制定的背景而不同。本文对巴西，印度，南非和美国的高等教育中社会包容的历史和法律演变以及世界范围内社会包容体系所产生的教育成果进行了比较回顾。