How should pupils use the internet to learn? This essay sets up two modes of using online sources, reading for information and reading for evidence, and evaluates their value for schools. The former is well known; pupils decide whether the source is telling the truth or not. The latter is more familiar in advanced historical investigation, namely deciding what this source’s utterance means for the question in hand. One of these simply hands pupils information. The other requires them to understand what they are reading. It is argued that an education that only involves one of these cultivates passive pupils who are unable to adjust their own attention or listen to minority reports in science. Only when pupils also investigate primary sources will they experience developing their own knowledge, and believe in education.

中文翻译：

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资料来源和公民：应用认识论论文

学生应如何使用互联网学习？本文建立了两种使用在线资源的方式：阅读信息和阅读证据，并评估其对学校的价值。前者是众所周知的；由学生决定消息来源是否在讲真话。后者在高级历史研究中更为熟悉，即确定该来源的言语对于手头的问题意味着什么。其中之一只是向学生提供信息。另一个要求他们了解自己在阅读什么。有人认为，仅涉及其中一种的教育会培养被动的学生，他们无法调节自己的注意力或听不见科学领域的少数群体的报道。只有当学生也调查主要资源时，他们才会体验到发展自己的知识并相信教育。