Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has, over the last four decades, infected millions of young women and their children. Interventions developed in parallel with the spread of the virus have been able to reduce rates of vertical transmission from mother to child. The impact of HIV in children can be direct in children living with HIV (CLHIV) and exposed to HIV and uninfected, or indirect through impacts on their parents, caregivers, and family. In 2018, the United Nations joint programme on AIDS (UNAIDS) estimated that 1.7 million children were living with HIV, 160,000 were newly infected with HIV, and 100,000 died from HIV. Improvement in treatment regimens can improve the life chances of children, but adherence to treatment is a problem, especially for adolescents. Injectable long acting treatments, or interventions to improve service delivery and support for adolescents living with HIV may improve treatment success. In addition to failures of HIV prevention and treatment in CLHIV, there are concerns over exposure to the virus and antivirals leading to delayed child development. To improve the wellbeing of children affected by HIV, social support is necessary, but we need to find ways of enhancing the impact of interventions, perhaps through combining them.

中文翻译：

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大流行的代际影响：艾滋病毒和儿童

摘要在过去的四十年中，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染了数百万名年轻妇女及其子女。与病毒传播同时进行的干预措施已经能够降低母婴之间的垂直传播率。艾滋病毒对儿童的影响可以直接对感染了艾滋病毒且未感染艾滋病毒的儿童产生直接影响，也可以通过对父母，照顾者和家庭的影响而间接影响。2018年，联合国艾滋病联合规划署（UNAIDS）估计有170万儿童感染艾滋病毒，160,000新感染艾滋病毒，100,000死于HIV。改善治疗方案可以改善儿童的生活机会，但是坚持治疗是一个问题，特别是对于青少年。长效注射剂 或采取干预措施来改善服务质量并为感染艾滋病毒的青少年提供支持，可能会提高治疗的成功率。除了在CLHIV中无法预防和治疗HIV外，人们还担心接触病毒和抗病毒药物会导致儿童发育迟缓。为了改善受艾滋病毒感染儿童的福祉，社会支持是必要的，但是我们需要找到可能增强干预措施影响的方法，也许可以通过将它们结合起来。