The objective of this article is to explain the territorial variation in indigenous political representation at the subnational level in Peru. The Peruvian state introduced a weak indigenous electoral quota, and its effects have varied across provinces. This article presents a typology that combines descriptive and substantive dimensions of political representation. Using a subnational comparative method, the four cases studied illustrate distinct dynamics. The article argues that these differing dynamics are explained by a combination of sociostructural variables (i.e., political articulation and cohesion of indigenous organizations as a result of a conflict) and individual variables (i.e., candidates’ political capital). This article demonstrates how, even in an institutionally adverse environment that does not feature ethnic parties, both descriptive and substantive indigenous political representation can be achieved, and that these two dimensions are not necessarily related. The article is based on fieldwork and interviews with key provincial political actors.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁的地方土著配额：政治代表的悖论

本文的目的是解释秘鲁地方一级土著政治代表的地域差异。秘鲁国家引入了较弱的土著选举配额，其影响因省而异。本文提出了一种类型学，它结合了政治代表的描述性和实质性维度。使用地方比较方法，研究的四个案例说明了不同的动态。文章认为，这些不同的动力可以通过社会结构变量（即冲突导致的土著组织的政治表达和凝聚力）和个人变量（即候选人的政治资本）的组合来解释。本文展示了即使在没有种族政党的制度不利环境中，既可以实现描述性的也可以实现实质性的土著政治代表性，而这两个层面不一定相关。这篇文章基于实地考察和对主要省级政治人物的采访。