Stringent architectural and building restrictions were put in place as the Van Sweringen Company laid out Shaker Heights, Ohio, an exclusive planned community, incorporated in 1912. In 1925, as African Americans and Jews sought to purchase property there, the company devised and implemented a new restriction that, while containing no overtly discriminatory language, succeeded in achieving the company’s discriminatory objective. The company and, later, the City of Shaker Heights would continue to enforce this restriction well beyond 1948 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled religious and racial covenants unenforceable.

中文翻译：

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防范不良邻居

Van Sweringen公司对俄亥俄州Shaker Heights进行规划时，实行了严格的建筑和建筑限制，该社区于1912年成立，是一个排他的计划社区。1925年，由于非洲裔美国人和犹太人寻求在此购买财产，该公司设计并实施了新限制，尽管不包含任何明显的歧视性语言，但成功实现了公司的歧视性目标。该公司以及后来的Shaker Heights市将继续执行这一限制，直到1948年美国最高法院裁定宗教和种族盟约不可执行。