There has been the criticism that urban design is increasingly being used as an entrepreneurial strategy for cities, transformed into a tool for attracting investment. This article examines the evolution of urban design plans in Los Angeles to understand the relationship between urban design practices and growth. Rather than a clear break in orientation, both early and later design strategies are explicit in promoting urban design as a tool to encourage development. While the broad “purposes” of urban design are similar over the period examined, the type of catalyst that would create growth has fewer public benefits in later years.

中文翻译：

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开发设计

有人批评说，城市设计正越来越多地被用作城市的创业战略，已转变为吸引投资的工具。本文研究了洛杉矶城市设计计划的演变，以了解城市设计实践与增长之间的关系。早期和后期的设计策略都没有明确地定位，而是明确地将城市设计作为鼓励发展的工具。尽管在所考察的时期内，城市设计的广泛“目的”相似，但在以后的几年中，能够促进增长的催化剂类型却没有带来更多的公共利益。