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Unity of the Persianate World under Turko-Mongolian Domination and Divergent Development of Imperial Autocracies in the Sixteenth Century
Journal of Persianate Studies Pub Date : 2016-06-08 , DOI: 10.1163/18747167-12341292
Saïd Amir Arjomand 1
Affiliation  

The promotion of the Persianate normative model of imperial kingship was the major ecumenical contribution of the Persian bureaucrats who served the Saljuq and Mongol rulers of Iran and Anatolia in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries to state-building. The phenomenal growth of popular Sufism in Timurid Iran and early Ottoman Anatolia had a highly paradoxical impact on the legitimacy of kingship, making its conception increasingly autocratic. Both in the Ottoman and the Safavid successor empires, the disintegrative tendency of nomadic patrimonial empires was countered by variants of Persianate imperial monarchy. It is argued that the decisive event in sundering the ecumenical unity of the Persianate world was not the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, but the Mahdist revolution of the Safavid sheykhoghlu, Shah Esmāʿil, half a century later. The parting of ways stemmed from the variant of mystically enhanced autocracy adopted in the two cases—one with orthodox, Sunni, and the other with heterodox, Shiʿite inflection. The latter model became the Safavid model of autocracy under Shah Esmāʿil, and was quickly adopted by the Timurids after their conquest of India in 1526.



中文翻译:

16世纪突厥蒙古统治下波斯世界的统一与帝国专制的发展

波斯帝国主义君主制规范模式的推广是在十三,十四世纪为伊朗和安纳托利亚的萨尔朱克和蒙古统治者服务的波斯官僚的重大普世贡献。苏菲派在伊朗帖木儿(Timurid)伊朗和奥斯曼帝国早期的安纳托利亚早期的惊人增长,对王权的合法性产生了极大的自相矛盾的影响,使其观念日益专制。在奥斯曼帝国和萨法维德继任帝国中,游牧世袭帝国的瓦解趋势都由波斯帝国的君主专制制制而成。有人认为,破坏波斯世界普世统一的决定性事件不是1453年君士坦丁堡的征服,而是萨法维德·谢赫霍格鲁( Safavid sheykhoghlu)的Mahdist革命半个世纪后,沙阿·埃斯马里(Shah Esmāʿil)。两种方式的分离源自两种情况中神秘主义增强的专制统治,一种是正统的逊尼派,另一种是异质的什叶派拐点。后一种模式成为莎阿·埃斯马里(Shah Esmāʿil)领导下的萨法维(Safavid)专制模式,并在1526年帖木儿人征服印度后迅速被采用。

更新日期:2016-06-08
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