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汉语方言中的“可有 VP?” 问句
Journal of Chinese Linguistics ( IF 0.229 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-01 , DOI: 10.1353/jcl.2017.0014
素娥 林

提要: “有”在“可VP” 问句中表已然 (VP 为 verb phrase (动词短语) 简称),构成“阿有 VP”、“格有 VP”与“可有”合音式等类型,分布于北部吴语、西南官话、江淮官话、中原官话等;已然问“可有VP”在今大多方言中正处于被等义的“可 VP-体助词”替代的趋势中;其分布表明“有”在“可VP” 问句中表已然是一种残存形式,而非新兴的表已然的标记,它源于元明时期的北部吴语,且于明末之前扩散至其他方言;“有”首先在“可VP” 问句中由存在义动词语法化为已然体标记,既符合语义演变规律,也符合“标记在有标记项上的出现先于无标记项”(Shen 沈家煊 1997)的类型学倾向;根据谓词前“有”在汉语方言中的句类分布和表义,我们得出一条单向蕴涵共性:即如果一种方言中肯定陈述句谓词前“有”表确认,那么“有”在该方言反复问句则可以表已然,反之则不能成立。因此,从跨方言“有”的功能和表义来看,我们认为应动态地看待南方方言“有”的性质,这样,更符合“有”的语法化规律。 This paper discusses the construction of ke 可-VP interrogatives with you 有, in which you is used as the past tense marker. The ke you 可有-VP interrogatives distribute in northern Wu dialects, Southwest Mandarin, Central plain Mandarin, and Jiang Huai Mandarin, which include the types of a 阿 you 有 VP, ge 格 you 有 VP and the combined sound of ke you. ke you-VP interrogatives in Chinese dialects have long been under pressure to yield to the construction of “ke VP-past aspect marker” expressing the same meaning. Its distribution reflects that it is not a burgeoning past tense marker but derived from the northern Wu dialects of Yuan and Ming dynasty and spread into other dialects before the late Ming Dynasty. you as the past tense marker developed from the existence verb you after the re-analysis in the ke you-NP interrogative; it not only conforms to semantic change principle but also to the typology tendency that “marker usually appears on the marked items before unmarked ones.” (Shen 1997) According to the functions and meanings of you before VP in Chinese dialects, we get the implicational universal: if you in one dialect can be used as the affirmative sign in declarative sentence, then it can be used as the past tense marker in interrogatives. So in our view, it is more reasonable to analyze the dynamic nature of you before VP in Chinese dialects.

中文翻译:

汉语方言中的“可有VP?”问句

提要:“有”在“可VP”问句中表已然(VP为verb短语(动词短语)简称),构成“阿有VP”,“格有VP”与“可有”合音式等类型,分布于北部吴语,西南官话,江淮官话,中原官话等;已然问“可有VP”在今大多方言中正处于被等义的“可VP-体助词”替代的趋势中;其分布表明“有”在“可VP”问句中表已然是一种残存形式,而非新兴的表已然的标记,它源于元明时期的北部吴语,且于明末之前扩散至其他方言;“有”首先在“可VP”问句中由存在义动词法化为已然体标记,既符合语义演化规律,也符合“标记在有标记项上的出现先于无标记项”(Shen沈家煊1997)的类型学重要性;根据谓词前“有”在汉语方言中的句法分布和表义,我们转化一条单向蕴涵共性:即如果一种方言中肯定陈述句谓词前“有”表确认,那么“有”在该因此,从跨方言“有”的功能和表义来看,我们认为应动态地看待南方方言“有”的性质,这样,更符合“有本文与您讨论ke可-VP疑问句的构造,其中您用作过去式标记。可有-VP的疑问句分布在北部的吴语,西南普通话,中原普通话和江淮普通话中,包括阿有VP,格格有VP的类型以及组合的声音。长期以来,汉语方言中的ke you-VP疑问句一直受制于表达具有相同含义的“ ke VP过去式标记”。它的分布反映出它不是一个新兴的过去时标记,而是源于元和明朝的北吴方言,并在明末晚期传播到其他方言中。您作为过去时标记,是在对您-NP疑问句重新分析后从您的存在动词发展而来的;它不仅符合语义变化原理,而且符合“标记通常在未标记项目之前出现在标记项目上”的类型学趋势。(Shen 1997)根据您在汉语方言中使用VP之前您的功能和含义,我们得到了隐含的普遍性:如果您将一种方言用作陈述句中的肯定标志,然后可以用作疑问句中的过去式标记。因此,在我们看来,分析方言VP之前您的动态性质更为合理。
更新日期:2017-01-01
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