To understand the history of Advaita Vedānta and its rise to prominence, we need to devote more attention to what might be termed “Greater Advaita Vedānta,” or Advaita Vedānta as expressed outside the standard canon of Sanskrit philosophical works. Elsewhere I have examined the works of Niścaldās (ca. 1791–1863), whose Hindi-language Vicār-sāgar (“The Ocean of Inquiry”) was once referred to by Swami Vivekananda as the most influential book of its day. In this paper, I look back to one of Niścaldās’s major influences: Sundardās (1596–1689), a well-known Hindi poet and a direct disciple of Dādū Dayāl (d. 1604). Sundardās is typically classified as a bhakti poet rather than an Advaita Vedāntin; certainly he is not included in existing surveys or histories of Vedānta. In his youth, however, he studied Sanskrit and Vedānta in Banaras, and his poems present us with a mind that found no contradiction in claiming Dādū as his master and at the same time embracing the teachings of Advaita Vedānta. I argue that not only should Sundardās be included in histories of Advaita Vedānta, he should be credited for his originality: not only did he “Vedānticize” the Dādū Panth, he “Dādūized” Vedānta. I conclude by comparing Sundardās to two Sanskrit intellectuals from roughly the same period: Mahādeva Sarasvatī Vedāntin and Annambhaṭṭa, both of whom, like Sundardās, had commitments to Advaita Vedānta as well as to other intellectual traditions.

中文翻译：

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更大的Advaita Vedānta：Sundardās的案例

要了解 Advaita Vedānta 的历史及其崛起，我们需要更多地关注可能被称为“Greater Advaita Vedānta”或在梵文哲学著作的标准经典之外表达的 Advaita Vedānta。在其他地方，我研究了 Niścaldās（约 1791-1863 年）的作品，他的印地语 Vicār-sāgar（“探究的海洋”）曾被斯瓦米·维韦卡南达 (Swami Vivekananda) 称为当时最有影响力的书。在本文中，我回顾了 Niścaldās 的主要影响之一：Sundardās (1596–1689)，一位著名的印地语诗人和 Dādū Dayāl (d. 1604) 的直接弟子。Sundardās 通常被归类为奉爱诗人而不是 Advaita Vedāntin；当然，他不包括在现有的吠檀多调查或历史中。然而，他年轻时在巴拿勒斯学习梵文和吠檀多，他的诗歌向我们展示了一种心智，即宣称达杜为他的上师，同时又接受 Advaita Vedānta 的教义，这并不矛盾。我认为不仅应该将 Sundardās 包括在 Advaita Vedānta 的历史中，他的独创性也应该受到赞誉：他不仅“Vedānticize”了 Dādū Panth，他还“Dādūize”了 Vedānta。最后，我将 Sundardās 与大致同一时期的两位梵文知识分子进行比较：Mahādeva Sarasvatī Vedāntin 和 Annambhaṭṭa，他们与 Sundardās 一样，对 Advaita Vedānta 以及其他知识分子传统都有承诺。他的独创性应该归功于他：他不仅“吠陀化”了《吠檀多》，他还“化了”吠檀多。最后，我将 Sundardās 与大致同一时期的两位梵文知识分子进行比较：Mahādeva Sarasvatī Vedāntin 和 Annambhaṭṭa，他们与 Sundardās 一样，对 Advaita Vedānta 以及其他知识分子传统都有承诺。他的独创性应该归功于他：他不仅“吠陀化”了《吠檀多》，他还“化了”吠檀多。最后，我将 Sundardās 与大致同一时期的两位梵文知识分子进行比较：Mahādeva Sarasvatī Vedāntin 和 Annambhaṭṭa，他们与 Sundardās 一样，对 Advaita Vedānta 以及其他知识分子传统都有承诺。