family utopia living in concord with the peasantry as a bastion against modernity. Vivid historical context would become another authorial trademark. Tolstoy’s full genius was only uncovered with his marriage to Sonya Bers in 1862. There is a fulsome recognition of the contribution made to War and Peace and Anna Karenina by Tolstoy’s experience of married life, however exasperating it proved to be at times. Zorin conveys a deep sympathy and understanding of the ramifications of Tolstoy’s relations with the extended family that provided the models for characters in the great novels. His own divided persona was present in both pairs of the main characters. Pierre Bezukhov embodied the dissolute, unstable side with a hankering for moral reform and admiration for the peasantry; Prince Andrey embodied the ambitious quest for glory and aristocratic arrogance. Their roles were reflected in Anna Karenina by Levin and Vronsky. The importance of the historical context from which War and Peace emerged is clarified. The family chronicle that extolled the contribution made to Russian national identity by a combination of the nobility, Tolstoy’s own class, and the peasantry was written in response to questions raised in the Great Reform period in the 1860s that followed the emancipation. The appearance of Anna Karenina at irregular intervals over two years from January 1875 to April 1877 gave the impression that the narrative was unfolding in real time and indeed it absorbed contemporary events and reflected political developments that could not have been foreseen at the outset. Levin’s spiritual awakening at the novel’s close coincided with Tolstoy’s own reorientation. He now became the ‘Lonely Leader’ who profited from his worldwide fame as a novelist to promulgate his anarchism, pacifism and rejection of mechanistic modernity. Again, Zorin expertly measures the extent to which family matters, particularly the deaths of those closest to him, determined the shape of Tolstoy’s spiritual outlook, and identifies the historical background, the famines, epidemics and revolutionary terrorism, that fired his polemical writings. All the contradictions present in a lonely, misunderstood individual are painstakingly discovered. No paradox was greater than the fact that a writer who now renounced fine art continued to produce works of literature as powerful as The Kreutzer Sonata, Resurrection and Hadji Murat.

中文翻译：

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书评：保罗·罗宾逊：俄罗斯保守主义

与农民和谐相处的家庭乌托邦，作为反对现代性的堡垒。生动的历史背景将成为另一个作者商标。托尔斯泰的全部天才仅在 1862 年与索尼娅·贝尔斯结婚时才被发现。托尔斯泰的婚姻生活经历对战争与和平和安娜卡列尼娜的贡献得到了充分的认可，但有时会令人恼火。佐林表达了对托尔斯泰与大家庭关系的深切同情和理解，大家庭为伟大小说中的人物提供了榜样。他自己分裂的角色出现在两对主要角色中。皮埃尔·别祖霍夫（Pierre Bezukhov）体现了对道德改革的渴望和对农民的钦佩的放荡、不稳定的一面；安德烈王子体现了对荣耀和贵族傲慢的雄心勃勃的追求。他们的角色反映在莱文和弗龙斯基的《安娜卡列尼娜》中。阐明了战争与和平产生的历史背景的重要性。这部家族编年史颂扬了贵族、托尔斯泰自己的阶级和农民对俄罗斯民族认同的贡献，是为了回应解放后的 1860 年代大改革时期提出的问题。安娜卡列尼娜在 1875 年 1 月至 1877 年 4 月的两年间不定期出现，给人的印象是叙事是实时展开的，实际上它吸收了当代事件并反映了最初无法预见的政治发展。莱文在小说结束时的精神觉醒与托尔斯泰自己的重新定位相吻合。他现在成为了“孤独的领导者”，他利用他作为小说家的全球声誉来宣扬他的无政府主义、和平主义和对机械现代性的拒绝。佐林再次熟练地衡量家庭问题的程度，尤其是与他最亲近的人的死亡，决定了托尔斯泰精神观的形态，并确定了引发他的论战写作的历史背景、饥荒、流行病和革命恐怖主义。一个孤独的、被误解的个体身上存在的所有矛盾都被精心发现。没有什么比现在放弃美术的作家继续创作像《克鲁泽奏鸣曲》、《复活》和哈吉·穆拉特这样强大的文学作品更令人感到矛盾的了。