This paper aims to apply the garbage can model to identify factors that affect managerial decision-making processes in educational systems undergoing reforms.,This paper used a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with 39 teachers and managers in schools undergoing a system-wide reform.,The paper presents examples for a typology of decision outcomes found in the model and provides explanations for their emergence. It shows that there are many challenges that are associated with reform implementation and suggests factors that need to be taken into account when planning and implementing a reform.,School management and policy makers can learn about the risks that are associated with garbage can decision-making and the various risk factors. Practical suggestions are given to reduce the probability of suboptimal decision-making.

中文翻译：

---

在改革中生存：改革实施期间垃圾桶模型的管理使用

本文旨在应用垃圾桶模型来识别影响正在改革的教育系统中管理决策过程的因素。本文采用定性方法，对正在经历全系统改革的39名教师和管理人员进行半结构化访谈本文提供了在模型中找到的决策结果类型的实例，并为它们的出现提供了解释。它显示了与改革实施相关的许多挑战，并提出了在计划和实施改革时需要考虑的因素。学校管理人员和政策制定者可以了解与垃圾桶决策相关的风险以及各种风险因素。提出了一些实用的建议，以减少做出次优决策的可能性。