Bald-faced lies seem to be lies that lack a typical property of genuine lies, namely the intent of the speaker to deceive the hearer. Therefore, several scholars propose that the intention to deceive should not be part of a proper definition of lying. In contrast to this “non-deceptionist” approach, it has been argued by “deceptionists” that bald-faced lies are either no real lies or that they are connected to an intention to deceive. This paper reports a questionnaire study in which participants were asked whether target utterances in eight cases of putative bald-faced lies were (i) lies, (ii) were deceptive, (iii) and were brazen. Overall, bald-faced lies were considered as lies and as deceptive. With respect to brazenness, participants clearly distinguished between brazen and non-brazen utterances. This shows that the degree of brazenness is an important property of bald-faced lies.

中文翻译：

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了解光头谎言

秃头的谎言似乎缺乏真正谎言的典型特征，即说话人欺骗听众的意图。因此，一些学者提出欺骗的意图不应该成为撒谎的正确定义的一部分。与这种“非欺骗论者”方法相反，“欺骗论者”认为光头谎言不是真实的谎言，或者与欺骗意图有关。本文报告了一项问卷调查研究，其中询问参与者八种假定的秃头谎言案例中的目标话语是否为（i）谎言，（ii）具有欺骗性，（iii）和粗鲁。总体而言，光头谎言被认为是谎言和欺骗。关于bra亵，参与者清楚地区分了bra亵和非bra亵言语。