Lowell is considered as the birthplace of the industrial revolution in the early nineteenth-century United States. Originating in 1822, the new textile factories harnessed the waters of the Merrimack River using a system of canals, dug and maintained by laborers. While this work employed many local Yankees, it also attracted groups of emigrant Irish workers. Grave memorials are a valuable source of information concerning religious and ethnic identity and an analysis of the slate headstones contained within Yard One of St Patrick’s Cemetery, opened in 1832, provides insight into the mindset of this migrant community. The headstones evolved from contemporary Yankee memorials but incorporated Roman Catholic imagery, while the inclusion of shamrocks and details of place of origin on certain memorials attests to a strong sense of Irish identity. The blatant display of such features at a time of ethnic and religious sectarian tensions in Massachusetts demonstrates the confidence that the Irish had of their place in the new industrial town.

中文翻译：

---

移民与纪念馆：马萨诸塞州十九世纪初洛厄尔的爱尔兰文化认同

洛厄尔（Lowell）被认为是19世纪初期美国工业革命的发源地。始建于1822年的新纺织厂利用由工人挖出并维护的运河系统利用梅里马克河的水域。尽管这项工作雇用了许多当地的洋基，但也吸引了一批爱尔兰移民工人。坟墓纪念馆是有关宗教和种族身份的重要信息来源，对1832年开放的圣帕特里克公墓之一的院子里的石板墓碑进行分析，就可以洞悉这个移民社区的观念。墓碑从当代扬基纪念馆演变而来，但融合了罗马天主教的意象，而某些纪念馆中包含三叶草和原产地细节证明了爱尔兰人的强烈意识。