The Rādhātantram can serve as a tool with which to examine textual and doctrinal appropriations that took place between Vaiṣṇavas and Śāktas in precolonial Bengal in their ongoing competition for membership and patronage. The unknown author of the Rādhātantram borrowed some basic Kṛṣṇa mythology and superimposed it on a Tantra framework. In so doing he changed Kṛṣṇa’s theological identity and his relationship to Rādhā, the devotee’s relationship to the couple, and, more significantly, the couple’s relationship to the cosmos. Rādhā’s identity and role were reinterpreted to serve clearly non-Vaiṣṇava purposes. The change in her status to that of an independent goddess brings with it an implicit rereading of her whole mythology. She still has an erotic role to play in her relationship with Kṛṣṇa, but here she is also the agent of Kālī, charged with Kṛṣṇa’s spiritual education. She has emanated from the great goddess, Mahādevī, herself to serve as Kṛṣṇa’s guru, and Kṛṣṇa too is Kālī. Even the god Kṛṣṇa wants to reintegrate himself into his mother Kālī, and his sādhanā with Rādhā will enable him to do so. This article also compares the Rādhā of the Rādhātantram with that of the Śrīkṛṣṇakīrtana and the Gītagovindam and speculates on the author’s decision to write in Sanskrit. Examining some key narrative sections of the Rādhātantram in light of transaction theory allows the analysis to elucidate the ways the author of the Rādhātantram appropriated Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava tropes for Śākta purposes.

中文翻译：

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Rādhātantram：Rādhā作为上师服务于伟大的女神

Rādhātantram 可以作为一种工具，用来检查在前殖民时期孟加拉邦的 Vaiṣṇavas 和 Śāktas 之间发生的文本和教义挪用，在他们正在进行的成员和赞助竞争中。Rādhātantram的未知作者借用了一些基本的Kṛṣṇa神话并将其叠加在Tantra框架上。通过这样做，他改变了 Kṛṣṇa 的神学身份以及他与茹阿妲的关系、奉献者与这对夫妇的关系，以及更重要的是，这对夫妇与宇宙的关系。Rādhā 的身份和角色被重新解释，以服务于明显非 Vaiṣṇava 目的。将她的身份转变为独立女神的身份带来了对她整个神话的含蓄重读。在与 Kṛṣṇa 的关系中，她仍然扮演着色情角色，但在这里她也是 Kālī 的代理人，负责 Kṛṣṇa 的灵性教育。她从伟大的女神摩诃德维 (Mahādevī) 散发出来，她自己是 Kṛṣṇa 的上师，而 Kṛṣṇa 也是 Kālī。甚至 Kṛṣṇa 神也想重新融入他的母亲 Kālī，而他与 Rādhā 的 sādhanā 将使他能够这样做。这篇文章还比较了 Rādhātantram 的 Rādhā 与 Śrīkṛṣṇakīrtana 和 Gītagovindam 的 Rādhā，并推测作者决定用梵文写作。根据交易理论检查 Rādhātantram 的一些关键叙述部分，可以通过分析阐明 Rādhātantram 的作者为 Śākta 目的挪用 Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava 比喻的方式。甚至 Kṛṣṇa 神也想重新融入他的母亲 Kālī，而他与 Rādhā 的 sādhanā 将使他能够这样做。这篇文章还比较了 Rādhātantram 的 Rādhā 与 Śrīkṛṣṇakīrtana 和 Gītagovindam 的 Rādhā，并推测作者决定用梵文写作。根据交易理论检查 Rādhātantram 的一些关键叙述部分，可以让分析阐明 Rādhātantram 的作者为 Śākta 目的挪用 Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava 比喻的方式。甚至 Kṛṣṇa 神也想重新融入他的母亲 Kālī，而他与 Rādhā 的 sādhanā 将使他能够这样做。这篇文章还比较了 Rādhātantram 的 Rādhā 与 Śrīkṛṣṇakīrtana 和 Gītagovindam 的 Rādhā，并推测作者决定用梵文写作。根据交易理论检查 Rādhātantram 的一些关键叙述部分，可以通过分析阐明 Rādhātantram 的作者为 Śākta 目的挪用 Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava 比喻的方式。