Background: Oculogyric crisis (OGC) is a form of acute dystonia characterized by sustained dystonic, conjugate, and upward deviation of the eyes. It was initially reported in patients with postencephalitic parkinsonism. But later, other factors such as medications, movement disorders, metabolic disorders, and focal brain lesions were also found to be associated with OGC. Methods: The literature regarding OGC was searched via PubMed, Google Scholar, and through citations in relevant articles till December 2019, with keywords including OGC, oculogyric eye movements, tonic eye movement, neuroleptics and OGC, antipsychotics and OGC, and all combinations of these. Only original articles (abstract or full text) that were published in the English language were reviewed. Results: Hypodopaminergic state is implicated in the pathogenesis of OGC. Common risk factors are younger age, male sex, severe illness, high neuroleptic dose, parenteral administration of neuroleptics, high potency of neuroleptic drugs, abrupt discontinuation of anticholinergic medication, and family history of dystonia. Conclusion: OGC is an acute dystonic reaction leading to tonic upward deviation of eyes. It is associated with various neurometabolic, neurodegenerative, and movement disorders and medications such as antipsychotics, antiemetics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and antimalarials. OGC can adversely impact the compliance and prognosis of the primary illness. Hence, it needs to be managed at earlier stages with appropriate medication, primarily anticholinergics.

中文翻译：

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聚焦眼科危机：回顾

背景：眼危象（OGC）是一种急性肌张力障碍，其特征是眼睛持续性肌张力障碍、共轭和上偏。最初在脑炎后帕金森病患者中报道了这一情况。但后来，其他因素如药物、运动障碍、代谢紊乱和局灶性脑病变等也被发现与OGC有关。方法：通过PubMed、Google Scholar以及截至2019年12月相关文章的引用检索有关OGC的文献，关键词包括OGC、眼动眼动、强直性眼动、精神安定药和OGC、抗精神病药和OGC及其所有组合。仅审查以英语发表的原创文章（摘要或全文）。结果：低多巴胺能状态与 OGC 的发病机制有关。常见的危险因素包括年龄较小、男性、严重疾病、高抗精神病药物剂量、肠外给予抗精神病药物、抗精神病药物的高效力、突然停用抗胆碱能药物以及肌张力障碍家族史。结论：OGC是一种导致眼球强直性上偏的急性肌张力障碍反应。它与各种神经代谢、神经退行性和运动障碍以及抗精神病药、止吐药、抗抑郁药、抗癫痫药和抗疟药等药物有关。OGC 会对原发疾病的依从性和预后产生不利影响。因此，需要在早期阶段使用适当的药物（主要是抗胆碱能药物）进行治疗。