The purpose of this paper is to empirically study the impact of product patent regime on the productivity of different categories such as ownership, R&D, size and product-wise of Indian pharmaceutical firms using non-parametric data envelopment analysis.,The present study has applied Ray and Desli’s Malmquist productivity index and its decomposition to measure total factor productivity (TFP) change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change and technical change under variable returns to scale (VRS) technology assumption for 141 Indian pharmaceutical firms during 2000-2001 to 2014-2015.,The study found the negligible impact of product patent regime on productivity. The technological change has played a positive role in the growth of productivity, whereas technical efficiency change depicts the judicious utilization of resources for improving performance. From the results, it is found that R&D intensive firms depict better stability in the TFP than the non-R&D firms. However, Granger causality between R&D and productivity found no relationship. Productivity is more directly affected by investment in fixed assets rather than in R&D, which focusses on incremental value additions in a largely branded/plain generic product market. In case of ownership, private foreign firms found to have registered progress in TFP while others have recorded marginal regress, which probably could be attributed to the superior marketing and management skills of the foreign firms, besides possessing proprietary technology. Both small and large firms have shown positive growth in the new regime as compared to the pre-patent regime. These small firms are able to compete with large firms because of their up-gradation of the technological base by improving access to better foreign technology. TFP growth for all the firms can be attributed to improvement in technology, and innovation in terms of high capital-output ratio. Further, the paper tried to identify the determinants of productivity from panel random effect regression, and it is found that export intensity, age and the new patent regime have negative and significant relationship with productivity, whereas other variables such as R&D, ownership, size and capital imports are insignificant. In the end, the results of sensitivity analysis have confirmed the validity of the selected variables.,The results suggest that Indian pharmaceutical firms need substantive improvement in TFP by improving managerial and scale efficiency. Indian pharmaceutical industry (IPI) needs to improve productivity across the network and drive cost excellence initiatives across the spend base through operational excellence and digital initiatives. The results of this paper can be applied in framing policies for future growth and improvement in the productivity of IPI.,The paper aims to make several new contributions to the existing literature. Most of the research papers only analysed TFP of the industry as a whole and detailed firm-wise analysis is needed to capture the true impact at a unit level. This study has analysed the impact of different categories such as ownership, R&D, size and product-wise, and determinants of productivity. The study has used a broader time period and larger panel data to predict the better picture.

中文翻译：

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产品专利法的出台是否会影响印度制药业的生产力？

本文的目的是使用非参数数据包络分析实证研究产品专利制度对印度制药公司所有权、研发、规模和产品等不同类别生产力的影响。本研究已应用于Ray 和 Desli 的 Malmquist 生产率指数及其分解，用于衡量 141 家印度制药公司在 2000-2001 年期间的全要素生产率（TFP）变化、纯技术效率变化、规模效率变化和可变规模报酬（VRS）技术假设下的技术变化2014-2015.,研究发现产品专利制度对生产力的影响可以忽略不计。技术变革对生产力的增长起到了积极的作用，而技术效率变化描述了明智地利用资源来提高性能。结果表明，研发密集型企业的 TFP 稳定性优于非研发型企业。然而，R&D 和生产力之间的 Granger 因果关系发现没有关系。生产力更直接地受到固定资产投资的影响，而不是研发，后者侧重于主要品牌/普通产品市场中的增量增值。在所有权的情况下，发现外国私营企业在 TFP 方面取得了进步，而其他私营企业则记录了边际倒退，这可能归因于外国企业的卓越营销和管理技能，以及拥有专有技术。与专利前制度相比，新制度下的小型和大型企业都显示出正增长。这些小公司能够与大公司竞争，因为它们通过改善获得更好的外国技术的机会来升级技术基础。所有公司的 TFP 增长都可以归因于技术的改进和高资本产出比方面的创新。此外，本文试图从面板随机效应回归中确定生产力的决定因素，发现出口强度、年龄和新专利制度与生产力呈负显着相关，而其他变量如研发、所有权、规模和资本进口微不足道。最后，敏感性分析的结果证实了所选变量的有效性。结果表明，印度制药公司需要通过提高管理和规模效率来实质性提高 TFP。印度制药业 (IPI) 需要提高整个网络的生产力，并通过卓越运营和数字计划推动整个支出基础的成本卓越计划。本文的结果可用于制定政策以促进 IPI 的未来增长和生产力的提高。本文旨在对现有文献做出一些新的贡献。大多数研究论文只分析了整个行业的 TFP，需要详细的企业分析才能捕捉到单位层面的真实影响。本研究分析了所有权、研发、规模和产品等不同类别的影响，以及生产力的决定因素。