The Howard family, dukes of Norfolk, are usually described as Catholics and considered to have been religiously ‘conservative’ throughout the early modern period and beyond. Thomas Howard, third duke of Norfolk, the family patriarch at the beginning of the Reformation, is thought to have remained on the conservative ‘side’ and it is assumed that the rest of the family followed his lead. By examining the responses of the Howard women to early religious change, this article argues that this was not the case; families did not react collectively but maintained relationships while occupying different positions across the shifting religious spectrum.

中文翻译：

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一个“保守”的家庭？宗教改革初期的霍华德女性和对宗教变革的反应，c .1530-1558

诺福克公爵霍华德家族通常被描述为天主教徒，并被认为在整个早期现代时期及以后在宗教上都是“保守的”。宗教改革初期的家族族长、诺福克的第三任公爵托马斯·霍华德被认为仍然站在保守的“一边”，并且假设家族的其他成员都跟随他的领导。通过检查霍华德女性对早期宗教变革的反应，本文认为事实并非如此。家庭没有集体反应，而是维持关系，同时在不断变化的宗教光谱中占据不同的位置。