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‘The Public Force of the Private State’ – Strikebreaking and Visions of Subversion in Liberal Italy (1880s to 1914)
European History Quarterly ( IF 0.805 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0265691419864500
Matteo Millan 1
Affiliation  

From the end of the nineteenth century onwards, Italy witnessed a significant increase in labour conflicts, trade unionism and social protests, all of which shook the foundations of the liberal state. Following the failure of the authorities’ attempts to deal with mass protests, efforts were made under the governments of Giovanni Giolitti to adopt new policing policies that embraced state neutrality in social conflicts and the deployment at the same time of substantial police forces to prevent the escalation of conflict and bloodshed. The success of these policies is highly questionable and there were major differences in this respect between northern and southern Italy, and between rural and industrial areas. Nevertheless, these policies contributed to the fear of abandonment and desire for revenge felt by significant sections of the propertied classes, and the issue of strikebreaking was at the centre of the controversy. Focusing on the Po Valley, this article first presents a broad overview of the political situation in Italy with emphasis on policing policies and work replacement, then analyses the various forms of legal and illegal private strike-breaker protection organizations that took on clear subversive aims. Drawing on newspapers and archival records, the article highlights the overlap between private and public law enforcement and the combination of coercion and consensus in the Italian countryside. The long-term consequences of the unresolved issue of strikebreaking and private policing help explain the rise of Fascism after the Great War.

中文翻译:

“私人国家的公共力量”——自由意大利的罢工和颠覆愿景(1880 年代至 1914 年)

从 19 世纪末开始,意大利的劳工冲突、工会主义和社会抗议活动显着增加,所有这些都动摇了自由国家的基础。在当局应对大规模抗议的尝试失败后,乔瓦尼·乔利蒂 (Giovanni Giolitti) 政府努力采取新的警务政策,包括在社会冲突中保持国家中立,同时部署大量警察部队以防止事态升级。冲突和流血事件。这些政策的成功值得怀疑,意大利北部和南部以及农村和工业地区在这方面存在重大差异。尽管如此,这些政策加剧了大部分有产阶级对被遗弃和报复的恐惧,而罢工问题是争议的中心。本文以波谷为中心,首先对意大利的政治形势进行了广泛的概述,重点是警务政策和工作更替,然后分析了具有明确颠覆目的的各种形式的合法和非法私人罢工破坏者保护组织。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。罢工的问题是争议的中心。本文以波谷为中心,首先对意大利的政治形势进行了广泛的概述,重点是警务政策和工作更替,然后分析了具有明确颠覆目的的各种形式的合法和非法私人罢工破坏者保护组织。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。罢工的问题是争议的中心。本文以波谷为中心,首先对意大利的政治形势进行了广泛的概述,重点是警务政策和工作更替,然后分析了具有明确颠覆目的的各种形式的合法和非法私人罢工破坏者保护组织。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利乡村私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。本文首先对意大利的政治形势进行了广泛的概述,重点是警务政策和工作更替,然后分析了各种形式的合法和非法的具有明确颠覆目的的私人罢工破坏者保护组织。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。本文首先对意大利的政治形势进行了广泛的概述,重点是警务政策和工作更替,然后分析了各种形式的合法和非法的具有明确颠覆目的的私人罢工破坏者保护组织。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。文章利用报纸和档案记录,强调了意大利农村中私人和公共执法之间的重叠以及强制与共识的结合。未解决的罢工和私人警务问题的长期后果有助于解释一战后法西斯主义的兴起。
更新日期:2019-10-01
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