suggests differentiating it from the all-Union famine of 1932, referring to Ukrainian demographers’ data on the mortality rates. He claims that depriving people of food was a brutal form of murder and terrorism, and concludes that the Holodomor in Ukraine was a terror by famine, calling for the recognition of the Holodomor as a particular type of genocide ‘directed exclusively against the Ukrainian people’ (144) and peasantry (148). Although this is a well-written and contextualized volume, it presents, however, the Ukrainian peasants as a homogenous class, as the only famine victims, without considering the experiences of national minorities, urban dwellers, or other social groups. Readers will find helpful, however, the accompanying illustrations, the map of rural direct losses, and Alexander Wienerberger’s album. This English-language publication contributes to increasing scholarly interest in the Holodomor. Prospective directions for future research include the already growing number of studies related to migration and resettlement, perpetrators, gender, childhood, the elderly, famine foods and consumption, health, trauma, and memory. Overall, this book represents the fruits of long-term research, which presents the achievements of Ukrainian historiography regarding the emergence and recognition of the famine of 1932–1933 in Ukraine. This study will be valuable to specialists in Soviet and Ukrainian history, as well as in famine and genocide studies.

中文翻译：

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Robert Maniura，托斯卡纳文艺复兴时期的艺术与奇迹

建议将其与 1932 年的全联盟饥荒区分开来，参考乌克兰人口统计学家关于死亡率的数据。他声称剥夺人们的食物是一种残忍的谋杀和恐怖主义形式，并得出结论认为乌克兰的大饥荒是饥荒造成的恐怖，呼吁承认大饥荒是一种“专门针对乌克兰人民”的特殊种族灭绝(144) 和农民 (148)。虽然这是一本写得很好的和语境化的卷，但是它把乌克兰农民作为一个同质的阶级，作为唯一的饥荒受害者，没有考虑少数民族、城市居民或其他社会群体的经历。然而，读者会发现随附的插图、农村直接损失地图和 Alexander Wienerberger 的专辑很有帮助。这本英文出版物有助于提高学术界对大饥荒的兴趣。未来研究的前瞻性方向包括与移民和重新安置、犯罪者、性别、儿童、老年人、饥荒食物和消费、健康、创伤和记忆相关的研究数量已经越来越多。总的来说，这本书代表了长期研究的成果，它展示了乌克兰史学关于 1932-1933 年乌克兰饥荒的出现和认识的成就。这项研究对苏联和乌克兰历史以及饥荒和种族灭绝研究的专家很有价值。性别、童年、老年人、饥荒食物和消费、健康、创伤和记忆。总的来说，这本书代表了长期研究的成果，它展示了乌克兰史学关于 1932-1933 年乌克兰饥荒的出现和认识的成就。这项研究对苏联和乌克兰历史以及饥荒和种族灭绝研究的专家很有价值。性别、童年、老年人、饥荒食物和消费、健康、创伤和记忆。总的来说，这本书代表了长期研究的成果，它展示了乌克兰史学关于 1932-1933 年乌克兰饥荒的出现和认识的成就。这项研究对苏联和乌克兰历史以及饥荒和种族灭绝研究的专家很有价值。