This paper provides a comparative performance analysis of different acquisition and tracking methods of GPS L1 C/A and GPS L5 signals testing their robustness to the presence of scintillations in the propagation environment. The paper compares the different acquisition methods in terms of probabilities of detection/false alarm, peak-to-noise floor ratios for the acquired signal and execution time, assessing the performance loss in the presence of scintillations. Moreover, robust tracking architectures that are optimized to operate in a harsh ionospheric environment have been employed. The performance of the carrier tracking methods, namely, traditional Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) and Kalman filter based-PLL, have been compared in terms of the standard deviation of Doppler estimation, phase error, phase lock indicator (PLI) and phase jitter. The study is based on real GNSS signals affected by significant phase and amplitude scintillation effects, collected at the South African Antarctic research base (SANAE IV) and Brazilian Centro de Radioastronomia e Astrofisica Mackenzie (CRAAM) monitoring stations. Performance is assessed exploiting a fully software GNSS receiver which implements the different architectures. The comparative analysis allows to choose the best setting of the acquisition and tracking parameters, in order to allow the operation of signal acquisition and tracking at a required performance level under scintillation conditions.

中文翻译：

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极地和赤道闪烁下 GPS L1 C/A、L5 捕获和跟踪级的比较性能分析

本文提供了 GPS L1 C/A 和 GPS L5 信号的不同采集和跟踪方法的比较性能分析，测试了它们对传播环境中闪烁存在的鲁棒性。该论文在检测/误报概率、采集信号的峰噪比和执行时间方面比较了不同的采集方法，评估了存在闪烁时的性能损失。此外，还采用了经过优化以在恶劣的电离层环境中运行的稳健跟踪架构。从多普勒估计的标准偏差、相位误差、锁相指示符(PLI)和相位抖动方面比较了传统锁相环(PLL)和基于卡尔曼滤波器的PLL的载波跟踪方法的性能. 该研究基于受显着相位和幅度闪烁效应影响的真实 GNSS 信号，这些信号是在南非南极研究基地 (SANAE IV) 和巴西放射天文学中心 (CRAAM) 监测站收集的。利用实现不同架构的全软件 GNSS 接收器评估性能。比较分析允许选择采集和跟踪参数的最佳设置，以允许在闪烁条件下以所需性能水平进行信号采集和跟踪。采集于南非南极研究基地 (SANAE IV) 和巴西放射天文学中心 (CRAAM) 监测站。利用实现不同架构的全软件 GNSS 接收器评估性能。比较分析允许选择采集和跟踪参数的最佳设置，以允许在闪烁条件下以所需性能水平进行信号采集和跟踪。采集于南非南极研究基地 (SANAE IV) 和巴西放射天文学中心 (CRAAM) 监测站。利用实现不同架构的全软件 GNSS 接收器评估性能。比较分析允许选择采集和跟踪参数的最佳设置，以允许在闪烁条件下以所需性能水平进行信号采集和跟踪。