This paper proposes a triple phase shift modulation (TPS) with an optimization technique that aims at maximizing the efficiency of the dual active bridge converter. Such a converter is often used to interface renewable or energy storage systems in smart dc power systems, where loss minimization via TPS is crucial, especially at light-load conditions. In this paper, favorable modulation parameters are found first, aiming at minimum rms currents and zero voltage switching, by considering only some fundamental converter parameters, namely, the input and output voltages, the transformer ratio, and the leakage inductance. Then, on the basis of the closed-form analytical description of the converter behavior over the determined modulation patterns, trajectories in the modulation planes that are capable of improving the total efficiency are identified. It is shown that such trajectories lead to close-to-optimal efficiency operation, which can be exploited to implement fast perturb-and-observe methods requiring just minimal converter parameters knowledge. The results are verified experimentally on a 1.5-kW prototype. It is shown that the proposed approach achieves close-to-optimal efficiency operation under different input voltages, being the error with respect to the measured optimal points obtained by a brute-force approach lower than about 0.2%.

中文翻译：

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用于双有源桥式变换器效率优化的低复杂度算法

本文提出了一种采用优化技术的三相移相调制（TPS），旨在最大程度地提高双有源桥式转换器的效率。这种转换器通常用于连接智能直流电源系统中的可再生或能量存储系统，在这些系统中，通过TPS最小化损耗至关重要，尤其是在轻载条件下。本文首先通过考虑一些基本的转换器参数，即输入和输出电压，变压器比和漏感，找到了针对最小均方根电流和零电压开关的有利调制参数。然后，基于对所确定的调制模式上的转换器行为的闭式分析描述，识别出能够提高总效率的调制平面中的轨迹。结果表明，这种轨迹导致接近最佳效率的运行，可以利用该运行来实现仅需最少转换器参数知识的快速扰动和观察方法。结果在1.5 kW的原型机上进行了实验验证。结果表明，所提出的方法在不同的输入电压下实现了接近最佳效率的运行，这是相对于通过蛮力方法获得的测量最佳点而言的误差低于约0.2％。