Systemic inflammation plays a crucial role in formation of various pathological conditions, including sepsis, burns, and traumas. The main effector cells participating in progression of systemic inflammation response and sepsis are monocytes, which regulate both innate and acquired immunity via phagocytosis, synthesis of cytokines and chemokines, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation. Thus, the monocytes are considered as a link between innate and acquired immunity. The monocyte subpopulations taken into consideration in the study essentially determine the progression of systemic inflammation and could serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. The complexity of the analysis of pathophysiology of systemic inflammation lies in its high variability conditioned by individual peculiarities of the patients and inflammation progression specifications. To overcome these limitation, model of experimental endotoxemia (EE) is used. The results of EE, in turn, cannot be directly extrapolated on patients with the systemic inflammatory response. This review is dedicated to discussing the role of monocyte subpopulations in progression of systemic inflammation/sepsis and EE.

中文翻译：

---

单核细胞亚群参与实验性内毒素血症 (EE) 和全身炎症的进展

全身炎症在各种病理状况的形成中起着至关重要的作用，包括败血症、烧伤和外伤。参与全身炎症反应和败血症进展的主要效应细胞是单核细胞，它们通过吞噬作用、细胞因子和趋化因子的合成、抗原呈递和淋巴细胞活化来调节先天性和获得性免疫。因此，单核细胞被认为是先天免疫和获得性免疫之间的纽带。研究中考虑的单核细胞亚群基本上决定了全身炎症的进展，并可作为治疗干预的目标。全身性炎症病理生理学分析的复杂性在于其高度可变性，这是由患者的个体特征和炎症进展规范所决定的。为了克服这些限制，使用了实验性内毒素血症 (EE) 模型。反过来，EE 的结果不能直接外推到全身炎症反应的患者身上。本综述致力于讨论单核细胞亚群在全身炎症/败血症和 EE 进展中的作用。