ABSTRACT

Bacteria–fungi interactions (BFIs) are essential in ecosystem functioning. These interactions are modulated not only by local nutritional conditions but also by the physicochemical constraints and 3D structure of the environmental niche. In soils, the unsaturated and complex nature of the substrate restricts the dispersal and activity of bacteria. Under unsaturated conditions, some bacteria engage with filamentous fungi in an interaction (fungal highways) in which they use fungal hyphae to disperse. Based on a previous experimental device to enrich pairs of organisms engaging in this interaction in soils, we present here the design and validation of a modified version of this sampling system constructed using additive printing. The 3D printed devices were tested using a novel application in which a target fungus, the common coprophilous fungus Coprinopsis cinerea, was used as bait to recruit and identify bacterial partners using its mycelium for dispersal. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Sphingobacterium and Stenotrophomonas were highly enriched in association with C. cinerea. Developing and producing these new easy-to-use tools to investigate how bacteria overcome dispersal limitations in cooperation with fungi is important to unravel the mechanisms by which BFIs affect processes at an ecosystem scale in soils and other unsaturated environments.

中文翻译：

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真菌公路柱的民主化作为研究与土壤真菌相关细菌的工具

摘要

细菌-真菌相互作用（BFI）在生态系统功能中至关重要。这些相互作用不仅受当地营养条件的影响，还受到环境生态位的物理化学约束和3D结构的调节。在土壤中，基质的不饱和和复杂性质限制了细菌的扩散和活性。在不饱和条件下，一些细菌与丝状真菌相互作用（真菌高速公路），在这种相互作用中，它们使用真菌菌丝分散。基于先前的实验设备来丰富参与土壤相互作用的生物对，我们在此介绍使用增材印刷构造的该采样系统的改进版本的设计和验证。使用新型应用程序测试了3D打印设备，其中目标真菌是常见的共亲真菌灰粉鬼伞（Coprinopsis cinerea）被用作诱饵，利用其菌丝体散布来招募和鉴定细菌伴侣。假单胞菌属，Sphingobacterium和Stenotrophomonas属的细菌高度丰富与灰质梭菌。开发和生产这些易于使用的新工具，以研究细菌如何与真菌合作克服传播限制，对于揭示BFI影响土壤和其他非饱和环境的生态系统规模过程的机制很重要。