Abstract

East Africa region is facing an unprecedented triple socio-economic threat caused by the combined effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the upsurge of desert locusts, and recent severe floods. The socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic with the massive economic impacts of desert locust, and flooding resulted in devastating implications on livelihood and food security situation in East Africa. The overall objective of this review is to assess and compile the widespread socio-economic impacts of the three threats in East Africa evidence from Ethiopia. To achieve this objective, in this review, all relevant information were collected through different search engines of PubMed/PMC/Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Google, and Science Direct databases. In addition, local media news, reports relevant to the topic from local and national governments, international organizations, and NGOs were used. The review found that the threats do not just have short-term impacts on socio-economic conditions of the people in the region in general and in Ethiopia in particular, they exacerbate prevailing food insecurity and undermine livelihoods and development gains that took years to build. Restriction measures introduced by governments to contain the spread of COVID-19 pandemic inside their boundaries would have adverse socio-economic-impacts on the people of their countries. Prolonged cessation in economic activities due to the pandemic with the overwhelming effects of flooding and desert locust will result in a permanent loss in the economy of Ethiopia and its GDP is expected to fall by 3% in 2019/2021. The findings of this review can help and inform that the observed impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, desert locust, and floods call for policy measures to curb future occurrences. Countries’ preparedness for these threats is crucial to prevent the adverse socio-economic impacts and loss of human lives. Therefore, to ensure socio-economic recovery within a reasonable period the governments need to make credible commitments in each country of the region. Particularly, the government of Ethiopia should put in place plans and resources to improve the risk resilience capacity of the people to cope up and minimize the adverse effects of such disasters in the short-term basis and, also to build a more resilient, inclusive and sustainable future in the long-term basis.

摘要

由于持续发生的COVID-19大流行，沙漠蝗虫数量激增以及最近发生的严重洪灾的综合影响，东非地区面临着前所未有的三重社会经济威胁。COVID-19大流行的社会经济影响以及沙漠蝗虫和洪水的巨大经济影响，对东非的生计和粮食安全状况造成了毁灭性影响。这次审查的总体目标是评估和汇编埃塞俄比亚对东非三大威胁的广泛社会经济影响。为了实现此目标，在本次审查中，所有相关信息都是通过PubMed / PMC / Medline，Web of Science，Google Scholar，Scopus，Google和Science Direct数据库的不同搜索引擎收集的。此外，当地媒体新闻，使用了来自地方和国家政府，国际组织和非政府组织的与该主题相关的报告。审查发现，这些威胁不仅对整个地区，特别是埃塞俄比亚人民的社会经济状况产生短期影响，而且加剧了普遍的粮食不安全状况，破坏了历时多年积累的生计和发展成果。政府为限制COVID-19大流行在其边界内的传播而采取的限制措施将对其所在国家的人民产生不利的社会经济影响。由于洪灾和洪灾和沙漠蝗虫的压倒性影响而导致的经济活动的长期停止将导致埃塞俄比亚的经济永久丧失，预计其GDP在2019/2021年将下降3％。此次审查的结果可以帮助并告知已观察到的COVID-19大流行，沙漠蝗虫和洪水的影响，要求采取政策措施来遏制未来的事件。各国对这些威胁的准备对于防止不利的社会经济影响和生命损失至关重要。因此，为了确保在合理的时间内实现社会经济复苏，各国政府需要在该地区每个国家做出可靠的承诺。特别是，埃塞俄比亚政府应制定计划和资源，以提高人民的风险抵御能力，以在短期内应对和减少此类灾害的不利影响，并建立更具复原力，包容性和包容性的政策。长期可持续的未来。洪水要求采取政策措施来遏制未来的事件。各国对这些威胁的准备对于防止不利的社会经济影响和生命损失至关重要。因此，为了确保在合理的时间内实现社会经济复苏，各国政府需要在该地区每个国家做出可靠的承诺。特别是，埃塞俄比亚政府应制定计划和资源，以提高人民的风险抵御能力，以在短期内应对和减少此类灾害的不利影响，并建立更具复原力，包容性和包容性的政策。长期可持续的未来。洪水要求采取政策措施来遏制未来的事件。各国对这些威胁的准备对于防止不利的社会经济影响和生命损失至关重要。因此，为了确保在合理的时间内实现社会经济复苏，各国政府需要在该地区每个国家做出可靠的承诺。特别是，埃塞俄比亚政府应制定计划和资源，以提高人民的风险抵御能力，以在短期内应对和减少此类灾害的不利影响，并建立更具复原力，包容性和包容性的政策。长期可持续的未来。为了确保在合理的时间内实现社会经济复苏，各国政府需要在该地区每个国家做出可信的承诺。特别是，埃塞俄比亚政府应制定计划和资源，以提高人民的风险抵御能力，以在短期内应对和减少此类灾害的不利影响，并建立更具复原力，包容性和包容性的政策。长期可持续的未来。为了确保在合理的时间内实现社会经济复苏，各国政府需要在该地区每个国家做出可信的承诺。特别是，埃塞俄比亚政府应制定计划和资源，以提高人民的风险抵御能力，以在短期内应对和减少此类灾害的不利影响，并建立更具复原力，包容性和包容性的政策。长期可持续的未来。