Studies of gender in entrepreneurship acknowledge that gender norms are at the root of women’s disadvantage in resource-acquisition but provide limited guidance on how societal (macro-level) norms and their gendering influence entrepreneurs’ micro-level behaviours and stakeholders’ decisions within local contexts. To address this lacuna, we draw on gender theory and French Pragmatist Sociology (FPS) to offer G-FPS: an analytical and methodological framework of resource-claiming as a process of justifying, engaging and testing, embedded in normative context that constructs gender roles and social worth. Through analysis of a historical case of business resource-acquisition in pre-state Israel, we theorize and demonstrate how local gendered norms steered men and women to diverge in their justifications and self-presentation when making their claims, and how stakeholders evaluated those claims according to their fit with situated gender expectations. We thus illustrate how macro-level gender norms infiltrate and operate within micro-level processing, persistently favouring men over women.

中文翻译：

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关于性别正当化：理解男性和女性创业资源获取的框架

创业中的性别研究承认，性别规范是女性在资源获取方面处于劣势的根源，但对于社会（宏观层面）规范及其性别化如何影响企业家微观层面的行为和当地背景下利益相关者的决策提供了有限的指导. 为了解决这个空白，我们利用性别理论和法国实用主义社会学 (FPS) 来提供 G-FPS：资源要求的分析和方法论框架，作为一个证明、参与和测试的过程，嵌入在构建性别角色的规范环境中和社会价值。通过分析一个在建国前以色列商业资源获取的历史案例，我们理论化并论证了当地的性别规范如何引导男性和女性在提出主张时在他们的理由和自我表现上出现分歧，以及利益相关者如何根据其与所处性别期望的契合度来评估这些主张。因此，我们说明了宏观层面的性别规范如何在微观层面的处理中渗透和运作，持续偏爱男性而不是女性。