Objectives To compare the mortality of Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games with that of the Japanese population, and to elucidate factors associated with their mortality. Methods We obtained from the Japan Sport Association study subjects’ biographical information, information on lifestyles and medical data. Missing data were obtained from online databases. Standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to compare athletes’ mortality with the Japanese population. Cox proportional hazards model was applied to estimate the HR for each category of body mass index (BMI), smoking history and handgrip strength. This analysis was limited to male athletes due to the small number of female athletes. Results Among 342 (283 men, 59 women) athletes, deaths were confirmed for 70 (64 men, 6 women) athletes between September 1964 and December 2017. Total person years was 15 974.8, and the SMR was 0.64 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.81). Multivariate analysis performed on 181 male athletes. Mortality was significantly higher for BMI≥25 kg/m2 than for 21–23 kg/m2 (HR: 3.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 9.07). We found no statistically significant associations between smoking history and mortality; the HR (95% CI) for occasional and daily smokers were 0.82 (0.26 to 2.57) and 1.30 (0.55 to 3.03) compared with never smokers. We also found no statistically significant associations between handgrip strength and mortality (P for trend: 0.51). Conclusion Japanese athletes in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games lived longer than the Japanese population. BMI≥25 kg/m2 was associated with higher mortality, but smoking history and handgrip strength were not associated with mortality.

中文翻译：

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1964年东京奥运会日本奥运运动员的死亡率

目的比较日本运动员在1964年东京奥运会上的死亡率和日本人口的死亡率，并阐明与其死亡率相关的因素。方法我们从日本体育协会研究对象的传记信息，生活方式信息和医疗数据中获取。缺少的数据是从在线数据库中获得的。计算标准死亡率（SMR），以比较运动员死亡率与日本人口。应用Cox比例风险模型估算各类别体重指数（BMI），吸烟史和握力的HR。由于女运动员人数少，因此该分析仅限于男运动员。结果在342名（283名男性，59名女性）运动员中，有70名（64名男性，1964年9月至2017年12月为6名女子）运动员。总年数为15 974.8，SMR为0.64（95％CI为0.50至0.81）。对181名男运动员进行了多变量分析。BMI≥25kg / m2的死亡率显着高于21-23 kg / m2的死亡率（HR：3.03，95％CI 1.01至9.07）。我们发现吸烟史和死亡率之间无统计学意义的关联。与从未吸烟者相比，偶尔和每天吸烟者的HR（95％CI）分别为0.82（0.26至2.57）和1.30（0.55至3.03）。我们还没有发现把手强度和死亡率之间存在统计学上的显着关联（趋势P：0.51）。结论1964年东京奥运会的日本运动员的寿命比日本人口的寿命长。BMI≥25kg / m2与更高的死亡率相关，