All living organisms are under stress imposed by their surrounding environments. They must adapt to their stressors to live and survive. At the forefront of this adaptation is a defense system called immunity. Immunity, as the most ancient cognitive apparatus with memory function, is present in all living organisms. In previous reports, minimal cognitive function was defined as a “biologized” concept—namely, perception of elements in a milieu, integration of perceived information, reaction according to integrated information, and memory of that experience. In this study, I aim to explore the essential feature of immunity by synthesizing scientific facts and “metaphysicalizing” them with logical reasoning. As a result of my analysis, I have realized the essential element in immunity: the capacity to preserve the existence of organisms by regulating their physiology and pathology. Having further analyzed immunity with special reference to the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza and George Canguilhem, conatus (“appetite”, to be precise) with normative activities is deeply embedded in immunity and may constitute its essential feature. Given that conatus and normativity imply mental elements, including the judgment of good and bad or health and disease, it is possible to conclude that the essential function of immunity includes cognition with normative connotations. This inclusive view encourages us to rethink the fundamental nature and philosophical implications of immunity from the cognitive perspective.

中文翻译：

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鉴于Spinoza和Canguilhem的免疫

所有生物都受到周围环境的压力。他们必须适应压力源才能生存和生存。这种适应的最前沿是一种称为免疫力的防御系统。免疫是最古老的具有记忆功能的认知工具，存在于所有活生物体中。在以前的报告中，最小的认知功能被定义为“生物化”的概念，即对环境中元素的感知，感知信息的整合，根据整合信息的反应以及对该经历的记忆。在这项研究中，我旨在通过综合科学事实并使用逻辑推理将其“形而上化”，来探索免疫的基本特征。经过分析，我认识到免疫力的基本要素：通过调节生物的生理和病理状态来保留生物的能力。进一步参考Baruch Spinoza和George Canguilhem的哲学进一步分析了免疫力之后，具有规范活动的联系（准确地说是“食欲”）深深地嵌入了免疫力中，可能构成其基本特征。考虑到动静和规范意味着精神因素，包括对好坏或健康与疾病的判断，因此可以得出结论，免疫的基本功能包括具有规范含义的认知。这种包容性观点鼓励我们从认知的角度重新思考免疫的基本性质和哲学含义。