Two strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), are found in New Zealand. One strain was recorded in 1934 mainly from outdoor Lupinus arboreus Sims (lupin strain, a non‐pest); the other strain was first recorded in 1992 and is found mostly on greenhouse crops (greenhouse strain, a pest). To test whether this differential pest status may be explained by different temperature requirements, a comparative life‐history study was carried out assessing the effects of temperature on life‐history traits and thermal requirements for development. Thrips strains were verified using sequence alignment of the COI gene. Thrips from each strain were fed sucrose solution and pollen, and they were reared at 8, 10, 12, 17, 22, and 27 (± 2) °C, respectively (>80% r.h., L16:D8 photoperiod). Longevity decreased with increasing temperature for both strains; however, the greenhouse strain had a significantly longer lifespan at all temperatures. Overall, the greenhouse strain laid more eggs than the lupin strain at all temperatures, with the highest mean number laid at 22 °C for the lupin strain (36.3 total eggs/female) and at 17 °C for the greenhouse strain (63.2 total eggs/female). No significant difference between the two strains was found in regards to the effect of temperature on development rate, T_min (minimum temperature required for development), and D^o (degree days). We estimated that 227 degree‐days, above a threshold temperature of 7.7 °C, were required to complete development of the greenhouse strain. No life‐history data of either strain were obtained for 8 °C as eggs did not hatch or development had not completed. The lupin strain required 261 days above 5.7 °C for complete development. The results of the study did not support the hypothesis that the lupin strain’s outdoor non‐pest status was due to different temperature requirements compared with those of the greenhouse strain.

中文翻译：

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温度对西方花蓟马“ Frankliniella occidentalis”“温室”和“羽扇豆”菌株的存活，产卵和发育速率的影响

在新西兰发现了两株西花蓟马，即Frankliniella occidentalis（Pergande）（Thysanoptera：Thripidae）。1934年记录到一株，主要来自室外羽扇豆Sims（羽扇豆毒株，非害虫）；另一种在1992年首次记录，主要在温室作物上发现（温室菌株，一种害虫）。为了测试这种不同的有害生物状况是否可以通过不同的温度要求来解释，进行了一项比较的生命史研究，评估温度对生命史特征和发育所需热量的影响。使用COI基因的序列比对验证了蓟马菌株。给每个菌株的蓟马喂食蔗糖溶液和花粉，分别在8、10、12、17、22和27（±2）°C（> 80％rh，L16：D8光周期）下饲养。两种菌株的寿命都随着温度的升高而降低。但是，温室菌株在所有温度下的寿命都明显更长。全面的，在所有温度下，温室菌株的产卵数量均多于羽扇豆，在羽扇豆菌株中，平均温度最高的是在22°C（36.3个总卵/雌性），而在17°C温室中的平均数最高（63.2个总卵/雌性） ）。在温度对发育速率T的影响方面，未发现两种菌株之间的显着差异。_min（显影所需的最低温度）和D ^o（度数天）。我们估计需要227度日（高于7.7°C的阈值温度）才能完成温室菌株的开发。由于卵未孵化或发育未完成，因此在8°C下均未获得任何一种菌株的生命史数据。羽扇豆菌株在5.7°C以上需要261天才能完全发育。该研究结果不支持以下假设：羽扇豆菌株的室外非害虫状态是由于与温室菌株相比具有不同的温度要求所致。