Shallow-buried rock mass/obstructions in a reclaimed sand site have seriously delayed a construction project in eastern Singapore, and seismic surveys were conducted to estimate the location and range of the rock. Active-source and passive-source seismic data were recorded using an array with 24 geophones at 1 m intervals. A 2D full waveform inversion (FWI) approach, multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), and cross-correlation seismic interferometry were used to process the collected seismic data. Results show that MASW and cross-correlation provide useful information, but limited to 1D S-wave velocity profiles and the upper surface of shallow buried rock. Using the full information of seismic waveform, the FWI approach can reflect even the range of rock. Sequential inversion with a low-pass frequency filter at incremental corner frequencies can increase the precision of the FWI approach. With higher precision, the FWI of surface waves is considered to be an attractive and effective method to detect underground obstruction.

填海填埋场中的浅埋岩体/障碍物严重延迟了新加坡东部的建设项目，并进行了地震调查以估计岩石的位置和范围。使用带有24个地震检波器的阵列以1 m的间隔记录主动震源和被动震源数据。二维全波形反演（FWI）方法，表面波多通道分析（MASW）和互相关地震干涉法用于处理收集的地震数据。结果表明，MASW和互相关提供了有用的信息，但仅限于一维S波速度剖面和浅埋岩的上表面。利用地震波形的全部信息，FWI方法甚至可以反映岩石的范围。在增量转折频率处使用低通频率滤波器进行顺序反演可以提高FWI方法的精度。表面波的FWI具有更高的精度，被认为是检测地下障碍物的一种有吸引力且有效的方法。