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What was on the menu? Mesolithic cooking and consumption practices in inland central Europe based on analysis of fireplaces
Quaternary International ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2021.01.017
Michaela Ptáková , Petr Šída , Lenka Kovačiková

The northern Bohemian sandstone region brings an exceptionally rich record of Mesolithic settlement, particularly in the form of fireplaces as key structures to be studied when addressing cooking and consumption practices. A large number of different fireplace structures – including kettle-shaped pits and surface or sunken fireplaces, some lined with stones – can be interpreted in terms of performing roasting, boiling, steaming or smoking procedures. The organic remains directly associated with them reveal which resources were exploited and almost certainly consumed, although in many cases they seem to have been discarded into the fire after processing. A Mesolithic inland settlement of northern Bohemia was undoubtedly economically based on the exploitation of plant and animal resources occurring in varied local forest and river environments. According to the evidence, hazelnuts were a staple component of the plant diet, probably processed using roasting hearths. Some fireplaces also yielded carbonised remains of other edible plants, such as raspberry (Rubus idaeus, Rubus sp.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra), red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa) and fat hen (Chenopodium album). The faunal vertebrate assemblages suggest a broad-spectrum economy, exploiting terrestrial mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. The molluscan record suggests the exploitation of edible land snails as well as thick-shelled river mussels. Rather than assuming a simple connection between fireplace type and the resources identified, a complex set of biases is considered and discussed.



中文翻译:

菜单上有什么?基于壁炉分析的中欧内陆中石器时代的烹饪和消费习惯

波希米亚北部的砂岩地区带来了中石器时代沉积的异常丰富的记录,特别是以壁炉的形式作为解决烹饪和消费习惯时要研究的关键结构。可以通过执行烧烤,煮沸,蒸煮或吸烟程序来解释大量不同的壁炉结构,包括水壶形的坑和表面或下沉式壁炉,其中一些内衬石头。与它们直接相关的有机残留物揭示了哪些资源已被开采并且几乎可以肯定被消耗了,尽管在许多情况下,它们似乎已在加工后被丢弃到火中。毫无疑问,在波希米亚北部的中石器时代的内陆定居点是基于对当地森林和河流环境中各种植物和动物资源的开采。根据证据,榛子是植物饮食的主要成分,很可能是用烤炉加工而成的。一些壁炉还产生了其他食用植物的碳化残留物,例如覆盆子(悬钩子(Rubus idaeus)钩子Rubus sp。),接骨木浆果(Sambucus nigra),红色接骨木浆果(Sambucus racemosa)和肥母鸡(Chenopodium album)。动物群的脊椎动物组合表明,利用陆生哺乳动物,鸟类,两栖动物和鱼类的经济广谱。软体动物的记录表明对食用蜗牛和厚壳河蚌的开发。与其假设壁炉类型和所标识的资源之间没有简单的联系,而是考虑并讨论了一组复杂的偏见。

更新日期:2021-04-05
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