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Herbivore-herbivore interactions complicate links between soil fertility and pest resistance
Basic and Applied Ecology ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.02.002
C.K. Blubaugh , L. Carpenter-Boggs , J.P. Reganold , W.E. Snyder

Soil fertility is tightly linked with herbivore pressure because it affects the nutritional status of host plants as well as the production of anti-herbivore defenses. This in turn can influence whether herbivores in different feeding guilds render plants more or less susceptible to one another. Thus, growers’ fertility management choices may impact herbivores through a variety of indirect channels. We examined relationships between soil fertility and interactions between phloem-feeding and leaf-chewing herbivores on broccoli (Brassica oleracea) plants in the greenhouse, taking advantage of natural variation in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soils from 20 working organic vegetable farms. Next, we experimentally fertilized soil in a field trial with N and/or P to examine the consequences of these nutrients for growth of and interactions between specialist and generalist herbivores. Soils on our cooperating farms varied widely in P and N concentrations, with 40% exceeding recommended pre-plant N concentrations and 90% exceeding P recommendations. In single-herbivore infestations, augmenting N in the soil increased caterpillar (Pieris rapae) growth, augmented N and P additively enhanced generalist green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) colonization, and augmented P (but not N) increased specialist cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) growth. In dual-guild herbivore infestations, caterpillars facilitated specialist cabbage aphid growth in the absence of fertilizer, but this pattern disappeared under augmented N, and reversed under augmented P. We found that a complex web of indirect effects linked soil fertility to herbivore performance, depending on the identity of the nutrients being altered, the ecological roles of responding herbivore species (i.e., specialist versus generalist), and indirect interactions between chewing and sucking herbivores. More generally, we highlight that successful use of fertility management to improve pest resistance requires careful consideration of herbivore feeding niches and herbivore-herbivore interactions.



中文翻译:

草食动物与草食动物之间的相互作用使土壤肥力和抗虫性之间的联系更加复杂

土壤肥力与草食动物的压力紧密相关,因为它影响寄主植物的营养状况以及抗草食动物防御的产生。反过来,这又会影响不同饲养行业中的草食动物是否使植物相互易感。因此,种植者的生育管理选择可能通过各种间接渠道影响草食动物。我们研究了土壤肥力与西兰花(Brassica oleracea)上韧皮部进食与咀嚼草食动物之间相互作用的关系)温室中的植物,利用20个有机蔬菜农场的土壤中氮(N)和磷(P)的自然变化。接下来,我们在田间试验中对土壤中的N和/或P进行了土壤肥料试验,以检验这些养分对特种食草动物和普通食草动物的生长及其相互作用的影响。我们合作农场的土壤中磷和氮的含量差异很大,超过建议的种植前氮含量超过40%,超过建议的磷含量超过90%。在单一草食动物的侵染中,土壤中氮的增加会增加毛毛虫(菜青虫)的生长,氮和磷的增加会增强全能桃蚜Myzus persicae)的定殖,磷的增加(而不是氮)会增加白菜蚜虫(Brevicoryne Brassicae)生长。在双行草食动物的侵染中,毛虫在不施肥的情况下促进了专业白菜蚜虫的生长,但是这种模式在氮增加的情况下消失了,而在磷增加的情况下却相反了。我们发现,复杂的间接作用网络将土壤肥力与食草动物的生长联系起来,这取决于在改变营养素的特性,应对食草动物物种的生态作用(即专家与通才)以及咀嚼和吮吸食草动物之间的间接相互作用方面。更普遍地说,我们强调要成功地利用生育管理来提高对害虫的抵抗力,就需要仔细考虑草食动物的饲料ni和草食动物-草食动物的相互作用。

更新日期:2021-02-12
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