The effects of climate variations on crop yield have been widely studied. However, the effects of soil on crop-climate responses are often ignored in crop yield prediction. We investigated the effects of soil texture and soil organic carbon concentration (SOC) on the yield responses of seven major crops (corn, winter wheat, soybean, cotton, barley, oats, rice) to growing season precipitation and temperature between 1958 and 2019 across the conterminous US. We also evaluated the effects of irrigation and groundwater depth on crop-climate responses. Crop yields were most sensitive to precipitation and temperature variability in coarse-textured soils and less responsive to these weather parameters in medium- and fine- textured soils. Increasing SOC concentration (> 2%) contributed to crop yields being less sensitive to precipitation – due to increased water retention, and less responsive to temperature – presumably due to increased buffering capacity against increased water lost through evapotranspiration. Irrigation and an intermediate depth to groundwater increase the resilience of crops to precipitation and temperature changes and these effects were also dependent on soil texture and SOC. To enhance food security for a rapidly growing global population under a changing climate, best management practices should be adopted that improve soil structure and carbon stocks that can increase soil available water storage (“Green Water”) and nutrient retention and promote energy conservation. The spatial-temporal variations of soil texture, SOC, and depth to groundwater should be considered in agricultural and ecosystem modeling to more accurately capture crop yield response to climate variations.

气候变化对农作物产量的影响已得到广泛研究。然而，在作物产量预测中，土壤对作物-气候响应的影响通常被忽略。我们调查了土壤质地和土壤有机碳浓度（SOC）对1958年至2019年间七种主要农作物（玉米，冬小麦，大豆，棉花，大麦，燕麦，水稻）对生长季节降水和温度的响应的影响后来的美国。我们还评估了灌溉和地下水深度对作物-气候响应的影响。在粗质地土壤中，农作物产量对降水和温度变化最敏感，在中质地土壤和细质地土壤中，对这些天气参数的反应较弱。SOC浓度增加（> 2％）导致作物产量对降水的敏感性降低（这是由于保水量增加了，而对温度的响应性降低了），这大概是由于增加了对因蒸散而损失的水分的缓冲能力。灌溉和中等深度的地下水可以提高农作物对降水和温度变化的适应能力，这些影响还取决于土壤质地和土壤有机碳。为了在气候变化的情况下为快速增长的全球人口增强粮食安全，应采用最佳管理方法，以改善土壤结构和碳储量，从而增加土壤的可用水存储量（“绿水”）和养分保留并促进节能。土壤质地，时空变化的时空变化