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Reference states of forest ecosystem types and feasibility of biocenotic indication of ecological soil condition as part of ecosystem integrity and services assessment
Environmental Sciences Europe ( IF 5.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s12302-021-00458-2
Martin Jenssen , Stefan Nickel , Gudrun Schütze , Winfried Schröder

Background

Structures and functions of ecosystems and, subsequently, their services for human societies may be influenced by climate change and atmospheric deposition. Jenssen et al. (UBA Texte 87/2013: 1–381, 2013) developed a spatially explicit evaluation system enabling the evaluation of ecosystems’ integrity. This methodology is based on a spatially explicit ecosystem classification of forests. Based on the six ecological functions, the methodology enables to compare the ecosystem type-specific integrity at different levels of ecological hierarchy for a reference state (1961–1990) with the further development of the forest ecosystem types as measured for the years 1991–2010 and as modelled for the period 2011–2070. The present study aimed at deepening the methodology and developing it into a practical system for assessing and mapping forest ecosystem integrity and services. The objectives of this advanced investigation were: (1) to quantify the reference conditions for a total of 61 forest ecosystem types; (2) to test the possibility of supplementing the quantification of ecosystem integrity by information on soil biocenoses as yielded by soil monitoring; (3) to model chemical soil indicators and to compare the respective results with those derived by Ellenberg’s indicator values for nutrient state; and (4) to verify the indicator modelling.

Results

Reference states related to the time prior to 1991 have been quantified for a total of 61 forest ecosystem types covering 85% (81,577 km2) of the mapped forest area of Germany. The reference states comprise statistical indicators for the plant-species diversity (habitat function), for nutrient and water balances and further ecological information as net-primary production and carbon storage. The assignment of lumbricide communities as soil biocenosis indicators was attempted but not succeeded because of insufficient data availability. The nutrient cycle types of the elaborated reference states were characterized by humus form, C/N ratio in topsoil and N indicator values according to Ellenberg et al. (Scr Geobot 18:1–262, 2001). Applying the developed methodology, for 83 out of 105 study plots the reference states prior to 1991 could be determined.

Conclusions

For complementing forest ecosystem reference states by soil biocenosis indicators it is necessary to further evaluate the primary literature looking for missing observation data. The W.I.E. indicator value applied in this paper to determine topsoil C/N ratios in forests is well suited for area-covering mapping of both near-natural forest–soil states and deposition-induced disharmonic state changes, in which C/N value and base saturation are no longer correlated.



中文翻译:

森林生态系统类型的参考状态以及生态土壤状况作为生态系统完整性和服务评估一部分的生物群落学指示的可行性

背景

生态系统的结构和功能,以及随后为人类社会提供的服务,可能会受到气候变化和大气沉积的影响。Jenssen等。(UBA Texte 87/2013:1-381,2013)开发了一种空间明确的评估系统,可以评估生态系统的完整性。该方法基于森林在空间上明确的生态系统分类。基于六个生态功能,该方法可以比较参考状态(1961-1990年)在不同生态层次上特定于生态系统类型的完整性以及对1991-2010年森林生态系统类型的进一步发展并以2011-2070年为模型。本研究旨在加深方法论并将其发展为评估和绘制森林生态系统完整性和服务的实用系统。这项高级调查的目标是:(1)量化总共61种森林生态系统类型的参考条件;(2)通过土壤监测得出的土壤生物素信息来检验补充生态系统完整性量化的可能性;(3)模拟化学土壤指标,并将各自的结果与通过Ellenberg的营养状态指标值得出的结果进行比较;(4)验证指标模型。(2)通过土壤监测得出的土壤生物素信息来检验补充生态系统完整性量化的可能性;(3)模拟化学土壤指标,并将各自的结果与通过Ellenberg的营养状态指标值得出的结果进行比较;(4)验证指标模型。(2)通过土壤监测得出的土壤生物素信息来检验补充生态系统完整性量化的可能性;(3)模拟化学土壤指标,并将各自的结果与通过Ellenberg的营养状态指标值得出的结果进行比较;(4)验证指标模型。

结果

与1991年之前的时间相关的参考状态已被量化为61种森林生态系统类型,覆盖了85%(81,577 km 2)的地图。参考状态包括用于植物物种多样性(栖息地功能),营养和水平衡以及进一步的生态信息(如净初级生产和碳储存)的统计指标。尝试将除草剂群落指定为土壤生物污染指标,但由于数据可用性不足而未能成功。根据Ellenberg等人的研究,详细的参考状态的养分循环类型以腐殖质形式,表土中的碳氮比和氮指示剂值为特征。(Scr Geobot 18:1-262,2001)。应用开发的方法,可以确定105个研究地块中的83个样地的1991年之前的参考状态。

结论

为了通过土壤生物调查指标补充森林生态系统参考状态,有必要进一步评估寻找缺失观测数据的主要文献。本文中用于确定森林表层碳/氮比的WIE指标值非常适合于近自然森林-土壤状态和沉积物诱发的非谐状态变化的面积覆盖图,其中C / N值和基准饱和度不再相关。

更新日期:2021-02-12
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