The America-Israel nexus has long intrigued scholars of the American Jewish experience, modern Jewish history, and American religion. Seymour Martin Lipset and Earl Rabb dub Israel “the X-factor in American Jewish existence” and suggest it shapes Jewish life in “fundamental ways . . . not often fully fathomed, either by American or Israeli Jews.”2 Viewed historically, Naomi W. Cohen observes, the trajectory of this phenomenon has been nothing short of meteoric. While Zionism was largely an “in-house affair” up until the Balfour Declaration of 1917, it thereafter emerged in the public square as “an Allied war aim” enmeshed with US domestic politics and foreign policy.3 “The course of Zionism and especially of American Zionism,” Cohen concludes, “from then until the establishment of Israel some thirty years later, was significantly shaped by American opinion.”4 Jonathan D. Sarna emphasizes the centrality of “Zion of the American Jewish imagination,” especially in the first half of the twentieth century, as a reflection of the “yearnings and dreams” of American Jews even as it helped them “to counter the malicious

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“为超人任务做好准备”：美国犹太人和犹太复国主义先驱的比喻，1925-1956

长期以来，美国与以色列的关系一直吸引着研究美国犹太人经历、现代犹太人历史和美国宗教的学者。西摩·马丁·利普塞特和厄尔·拉布称以色列为“美国犹太人存在的 X 因素”，并建议它以“基本方式”塑造犹太人的生活。. . 美国或以色列犹太人并不经常完全了解。”2 Naomi W. Cohen 观察到，从历史上看，这种现象的发展轨迹简直是流星般的。虽然在 1917 年贝尔福宣言之前，犹太复国主义在很大程度上是“内部事务”，但此后它作为“盟国战争目标”出现在公共领域，与美国国内政治和外交政策交织在一起。 3“犹太复国主义的进程，尤其是美国犹太复国主义，”科恩总结道，“从那时起直到大约三十年后以色列的建立，