The economic performance of the transition economies as of 2015 is well explained by three variables: (1) years of membership in the EU; (2) physical distance from the heart of the EU economy, taken to be Dusseldorf; and (3) annual revenues from oil and gas production, reflecting natural resource deposits. These three factors account for around 86 percent of the variation in per capita income across the 28 transition economies, and reflect the interplay of domestic policy, geopolitics, geography and natural resources.

中文翻译：

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转型经济体中的地理，地缘政治和政策

截至2015年，转型经济体的经济表现可以通过三个变量很好地解释：（1）加入欧盟的年限；（2）与欧盟经济中心的物理距离，即杜塞尔多夫；（3）油气生产的年收入，反映了自然资源的存款。这三个因素约占28个转型经济体人均收入变化的86％，反映了国内政策，地缘政治，地理和自然资源之间的相互作用。