This paper provides a simple model of social norms and performs cohort analyses to test its theoretical predictions with Heckman’s sample selection model using the 1993–2014 Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers data. Our results suggest that obedience to the society’s code of behavior is fairly prevalent among Japanese women, but the degree of adherence varies by birth cohort and also is influenced by educational quality and standards. Estimates further show an inverse relationship between adherence to social norms and labor force participation among Japanese women, and the effect of obedience to social norms on wages varies by birth cohort.

中文翻译：

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当社会规范影响女性就业时：日本案例

本文提供了一个简单的社会规范模型，并通过使用 1993-2014 年日本消费者小组调查数据的 Heckman 样本选择模型进行了队列分析，以测试其理论预测。我们的研究结果表明，遵守社会行为准则在日本女性中相当普遍，但遵守程度因出生队列而异，还受到教育质量和标准的影响。估计进一步表明，日本女性遵守社会规范与劳动力参与之间存在反比关系，并且服从社会规范对工资的影响因出生队列而异。