In recent years, focus on the designer's ability to frame wicked problems has underlined the important positioning of the designer as a key player in the early phases of innovation. However, further clarification and development of the theory and terminology of framing are needed in order to understand and support the rather complex framing process that the design team engages in during the early phases of innovation. There is a need to understand how design teams move from an overall framing of the wicked problem, in literature termed the “problem frame,” to creating a meaningful solution. Through in-depth case studies of the framing processes at five design companies, we learn how designers use the overall problem frame as a stepping-stone to constructing a set of “solution frames” in order to move toward a meaningful solution that integrates different perspectives. Together with the problem frame these sets of additional solution frames constitute an overall framing of the meaningful product—a “meaning frame.” This overall meaning frame clarifies and sets the boundaries, the values and goals, and the criteria for evaluation of a proposed solution. As such, the study sheds light on the otherwise hidden reasoning process of framing toward a meaningful solution, rather than framing the problem, which a majority of current literature discusses.

中文翻译：

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意义框架：问题框架和解决方案框架的结构

近年来，对设计师解决棘手问题的能力的关注强调了设计师作为创新早期阶段关键参与者的重要定位。然而，需要进一步澄清和发展框架的理论和术语，以便理解和支持设计团队在创新的早期阶段参与的相当复杂的框架过程。有必要了解设计团队如何从整体问题框架（在文献中称为“问题框架”）转变为创建有意义的解决方案。通过对五家设计公司的框架过程的深入案例研究，我们学习设计师如何使用整体问题框架作为构建一组“解决方案框架”的垫脚石，以便朝着整合不同观点的有意义的解决方案迈进。这些附加的解决方案框架与问题框架一起构成了有意义产品的整体框架——“意义框架”。这个整体意义框架阐明并设定了边界、价值观和目标，以及评估提议解决方案的标准。因此，该研究揭示了构建有意义的解决方案的其他隐藏推理过程，而不是构建问题，这是当前大多数文献所讨论的。” 这个整体意义框架阐明并设定了边界、价值观和目标，以及评估提议解决方案的标准。因此，该研究揭示了构建有意义的解决方案的其他隐藏推理过程，而不是构建问题，这是当前大多数文献所讨论的。” 这个整体意义框架阐明并设定了边界、价值观和目标，以及评估提议解决方案的标准。因此，该研究揭示了构建有意义的解决方案的其他隐藏推理过程，而不是构建问题，这是当前大多数文献所讨论的。