The article explores the concept of “openness” in the design field. In particular, it suggests a broad interpretation of the relationship between “openness” and design by analyzing the use of the expression “open design” between 2000 and 2017. This expression is related to words such as, co-design, crowdsourcing, open innovation, making and open manufacturing, which can be synthesized by the concepts of open source, collaboration, and access. The article finally expresses, through a critical point of view, the reasons why open processes in design have limitations.

中文翻译：

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开源、协作和访问：对设计领域“开放性”的批判性分析

文章探讨了设计领域中的“开放性”概念。特别是，通过分析2000年至2017年间“开放设计”一词的使用情况，对“开放”与设计之间的关系提出了广泛的解释。该表达与诸如协同设计、众包、开放创新等词有关。 、制造和开放制造，这可以通过开源、协作和访问的概念来综合。文章最后通过批判的观点表达了设计中开放流程存在局限性的原因。